BIOD 171 MODULE 2 EXAM REVIEW 2024 ACTUAL EXAM CORRECTLY ANSWERED VERIFIED EXAM A+ GRADED

BIOD 171 MODULE 2 EXAM REVIEW 2024 ACTUAL EXAM CORRECTLY ANSWERED VERIFIED EXAM A+ GRADED Question 1 What is cellular metabolism? Your Answer: cellular metabolism, also known as cellular respiration is a biochemical process used to convert food sources into energy that can be used by the cell to support life. Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? Your Answer: The primary function of enzymes are to catalyze reactions of specific molecular groups and their substrates for specifically targeted purposes. The active site of each enzyme determines it's specific function. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? Your Answer: Catabolism is the breaking down of larger molecules or chemicals to be used for energy. Anabolism is the building up of macromolecules to help with the functions of any particular organism. It is the growth and repair phase of the cell. Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources whereas anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair. ATP has the energy to , while ADP has the capacity to energy. Answer 1: be used by cells Correct Answer Donate Answer 2: create more ATP for Correct Answer Accept Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? Your Answer: Chemotrophs can receive energy from already existing chemicals in the environment and can be divided into two subgroups: Organotrophs which remove electrons from organic molecules (such as glucose) or Lithotrophs which remove electrons from inorganic molecules like sulfer. Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment, can be divided into either organotrophs (removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electrons from inorganic molecules. Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? Your Answer: Oxidative Phosphorylation: a process that occurs in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell in which the energy released by oxidation is used to reform ATP. Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? Your Answer: 1. Glycolosis (breakdown of glucose molecule) 2. Fermentation or Respiration 3. Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis is the first step of this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next, by either fermentation (or respiration) 2 additional molecules of ATP can be produced. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxidative phosphorylation event at the mitochondrial membrane.