A level psychology Exam Questions and Answers

A level psychology Exam Questions and Answers classical conditioning - Answer ️️ -learning through association operant conditioning - Answer ️️ -learning through consequences behaviourist approach - Answer ️️ -explains behaviour in terms of observation and learning reinforcement - Answer ️️ -consequence of behaviour that increases likelihood of that behaviour being repeated (can be positive or negative) social learning theory - Answer ️️ -explains behaviour with direct and indirect reinforcement imitation - Answer ️️ -copying the behaviour of others vicarious reinforcement - Answer ️️ -through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour mediational processes - Answer ️️ -cognitive factors (thinking) that influence learning - come between stimulus and response cognitive approach - Answer ️️ -how our mental processes (thoughts, perceptions, attention) affect behaviour biological approach - Answer ️️ -perspective that emphasises importance of physical processes such as genetic inheritance and neural function genes - Answer ️️ -sections of DNA that code for specific characteristics phenotype - Answer ️️ -characteristics of individual determined by genes and environment neuron - Answer ️️ -nerve cells that process and transmit messages through chemical and electrical signals sensory neurons - Answer ️️ -carry messages from PNS to CNS - long dendrites and short axons relay neurons - Answer ️️ -connect sensory neurons to motor or other relay neurons - short dendrites and short axons motor neurons - Answer ️️ -connect CNS to effectors (muscles, glands) - short dendrites and long axons synaptic transmission - Answer ️️ -when neighbouring neurons communicate with each other by sending chemical messages across the synapse (gap that separates them) neurotransmitter - Answer ️️ -chemicals released by synaptic vesicles that carry signals across the synapse excitation - Answer ️️ -when a neurotransmitter increases positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron - increases chance that neuron will fire and pass on electrical impulse inhibition - Answer ️️ -neurotransmitter (ie serotonin) increases negative charge of postsynaptic neuron - decreases chance of neuron firing and passing on electrical impulse Statistical infrequency - Answer ️️ -when an individual has a less common characteristic Deviation from social norms - Answer ️️ -Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society Failure to function adequately - Answer ️️ -when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of everyday life Deviation from ideal mental health - Answer ️️ -when someone does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health Three examples of Jahodas criteria for good mental health - Answer ️️ -- no symptoms or distress - self actualise (reach our potential) - can successfully work, love and enjoy daily life Phobia - Answer ️️ -an irrational fear of an object or situation Behavioural - Answer ️️ -ways in which people act Emotional - Answer ️️ -Ways in which people feel Cognitive - Answer ️️ -process of thinking - knowing, percieving, believing Behavioural characteristics of phobias - Answer ️️ -panic, avoidance, endurance Emotional characteristics of phobias - Answer ️️ -anxiety cognitive characteristics of phobias - Answer