INHOUDSOPGAVE
Hoofdstuk 1: Geschiedenis van de computers..................................................................................4
1. Voorlopers van de computers.......................................................................................................4
1.1 Charles Babbage (1820 – 1850)...................................................................................................4
1.2 Diference Engine No. 2...............................................................................................................4
2. Vijf generaties computers.............................................................................................................4
2.1 Eerste generate ((40 – (56)..........................................................................................................4
2.2 2e generate ((56 – (63)................................................................................................................4
2.3 3e generate ((63 – (70)................................................................................................................5
2.4 4e generate ((70 – (80)................................................................................................................5
2.5 5e generate ((80 – heden)............................................................................................................5
3. Geschiedenis van de accessoires...................................................................................................6
3.1 Toetsenborden.............................................................................................................................6
3.2 Muizen.........................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Schermen.....................................................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 2: Hardware (deel 1)........................................................................................................7
1. Hardware introductie...................................................................................................................7
4. Computer categorieën..................................................................................................................7
4.1 Supercomputers...........................................................................................................................7
4.2 Mainframe computers.................................................................................................................7
4.3 Minicomputer..............................................................................................................................8
4.4 Server & datacenter.....................................................................................................................8
4.5 Microcomputer............................................................................................................................8
5. Computer onderdelen in categorieën...........................................................................................8
5.1 Input toestellen (input devices)....................................................................................................8
5.2 Output toestellen (output devices)..............................................................................................9
5.3 Verwerkingstoestellen (deel 1)....................................................................................................9
5.3.1 CPU.......................................................................................................................................9
5.3.2 BIOS....................................................................................................................................10
5.3.3 Primair geheugen (memory)...............................................................................................10
5.3.4 Videokaart...........................................................................................................................11
5.4 Opslagtoestellen........................................................................................................................12
5.4.1 Internal storage...................................................................................................................12
5.4.2 External storage..................................................................................................................12
5.4.3 Network storage.................................................................................................................12
5.5 Schermen...................................................................................................................................13
5.5.1 Resolute.............................................................................................................................13
5.5.2 Aspect rato.........................................................................................................................13
5.5.3 Schermgrootee...................................................................................................................13
5.5.4 Kleurdiepte.........................................................................................................................13
Besturingssystemen 1
, 5.5.5 Refresh rate........................................................................................................................13
5.5.6 Frame rate..........................................................................................................................13
5.6 Poorten en aansluitngen...........................................................................................................14
5.6.1 Display aansluitngen..........................................................................................................14
5.6.2 Data- en device aansluitngen.............................................................................................14
5.6.3 Geluidsaansluitngen...........................................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 3:Besturingssystemen...................................................................................................15
1. Wat is een besturingssysteem?...................................................................................................15
5.7 Introducte.................................................................................................................................15
5.8 Onderdelen................................................................................................................................16
5.9 Taken.........................................................................................................................................16
5.10 Bestandssysteem.....................................................................................................................17
5.10.1 Verwerking bestandssysteem...........................................................................................17
5.11 Applicaton program interface (API)........................................................................................17
6. Desktop besturingssystemen......................................................................................................18
6.1 Windows....................................................................................................................................18
6.2 Apple Mac OS............................................................................................................................18
6.3 Linux..........................................................................................................................................19
7. Mobiele besturingssystemen......................................................................................................19
7.1 Apple iOS...................................................................................................................................19
7.2 Android......................................................................................................................................19
7.3 Windows....................................................................................................................................19
7.4 BlackBerry..................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 4: Interfaces..................................................................................................................21
1. Wat is een interface....................................................................................................................21
8. Grafische gebruikersinterface.....................................................................................................21
9. Command line interface..............................................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 5: Netwerken.................................................................................................................23
1. Wat is een netwerk?...................................................................................................................23
10. Soorten netwerken...................................................................................................................23
10.1 PAN: Personal Area Network...................................................................................................23
10.2 LAN: Local Area Network.........................................................................................................23
10.3 WAN: Wide Area Network.......................................................................................................23
11. Componenten van een netwerk................................................................................................24
11.1 Netwerk adapter.....................................................................................................................24
11.1.1 MAC-adres........................................................................................................................24
11.2 Netwerkkabels.........................................................................................................................24
11.2.1 Coaxiale kabel (coaxkabel)................................................................................................24
11.2.2 Getwist paar (twisted pair)...............................................................................................24
........................................................................................................................................................25
Besturingssystemen 2
, 11.2.3 Optsche vezel of glasvezel (fibre optcs)..........................................................................25
11.3 Hub of switch...........................................................................................................................25
11.4 Router......................................................................................................................................25
11.5 Modem....................................................................................................................................25
12. Netwerkprotocollen..................................................................................................................25
12.1 IP: Internet Protocol.................................................................................................................26
12.1.1 TCP/IP...............................................................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 6: Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................27
1. Wat is cloud computing?.............................................................................................................27
13. Lagen van cloud computing.......................................................................................................27
13.1 Drie lagen: Cloud computng stack..........................................................................................27
13.1.1 IaaSe Infrastructure as a service........................................................................................29
13.1.2 PaaSe Platorm as a service................................................................................................29
13.1.3 SaaSe Sofware as a service...............................................................................................29
14. Types van cloud computing.......................................................................................................30
14.1 Publieke cloud..........................................................................................................................30
14.2 Private cloud............................................................................................................................30
14.3 Hybride cloud...........................................................................................................................30
15. Voor- en nadelen van cloud computing.....................................................................................30
15.1 Voordelen................................................................................................................................30
15.2 Nadelen...................................................................................................................................32
16. Beveiliging van cloud computing...............................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 7: Virtualisatie...............................................................................................................33
1. Hoe werkt virtualisatie?..............................................................................................................33
17. Soorten virtualisatie..................................................................................................................33
17.1 Applicate virtualisate.............................................................................................................33
17.2 Cross-platorm virtualisate.....................................................................................................33
17.3 Emulate..................................................................................................................................33
17.4 Full virtualisate.......................................................................................................................33
17.5 Hardware-enabled virtualisate...............................................................................................34
17.6 Natve virtualisate...................................................................................................................34
17.7 Besturingssysteem-level virtualisate.......................................................................................34
17.8 Paravirtualisate......................................................................................................................34
17.9 Partal virtualisate..................................................................................................................34
17.10 Resource virtualisate............................................................................................................34
Besturingssystemen 3
, BESTURINGSSYSTEMEN
HOOFDSTUK 1: GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE COMPUTERS
1. VOORLOPERS VAN DE COMPUTERS
1.1 CHARLES BABBAGE (1820 – 1850)
- Voorlopers computer ONTWORPEN (niet uitgewerkt)
o Difference En ine o. 1 Tabellen met cijfers genereren
25.000 onderdelen
15 ton
o Analytical En ine Programmeerbaar rekenmachine
o Difference En ine o. 2 Simpelere versie van No.1
4.000 onderdelen
2,6 ton
- Niet uitgewerkt door
o Gebrek aan financiering
o Voortdurende wijzigingen
1.2 DIFFEREoCE EoGIoE oO 2
- Uitgevoerd door London Science Museum
- 1985 – 1991
- Ter ere van de 200e geboortedag van C. Babbage
2. VIJF
GENERATIES COMPUTERS
Opgedeeld o.b.v. hardware-evoluties
2.1 EERSTE GEoERATIE (’40 – ’56)
- Vacuümbuizen supergrote computers
- Hitte, duur, groot, onbetrouwbaar (heel snel kapot)
- Input: ponskaarten (= metalen kaart met gaten)
- Output: printouts
- Voorbeelden: Eniac, Edvac, Mark I, IBM-650, IBM-701, Univac
2.2 2E GEoERATIE (’56 – ’63)
- Transistoren, compacter, minder hitte, energiezuiniger, duur,
betrouwbaarder, sneller, programmeertalen (Cobol)
- Input: ponskaarten & magneetbanden
- Output: print
- Voorbeelden: IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, Univac 1108
Besturingssystemen 4
Hoofdstuk 1: Geschiedenis van de computers..................................................................................4
1. Voorlopers van de computers.......................................................................................................4
1.1 Charles Babbage (1820 – 1850)...................................................................................................4
1.2 Diference Engine No. 2...............................................................................................................4
2. Vijf generaties computers.............................................................................................................4
2.1 Eerste generate ((40 – (56)..........................................................................................................4
2.2 2e generate ((56 – (63)................................................................................................................4
2.3 3e generate ((63 – (70)................................................................................................................5
2.4 4e generate ((70 – (80)................................................................................................................5
2.5 5e generate ((80 – heden)............................................................................................................5
3. Geschiedenis van de accessoires...................................................................................................6
3.1 Toetsenborden.............................................................................................................................6
3.2 Muizen.........................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Schermen.....................................................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 2: Hardware (deel 1)........................................................................................................7
1. Hardware introductie...................................................................................................................7
4. Computer categorieën..................................................................................................................7
4.1 Supercomputers...........................................................................................................................7
4.2 Mainframe computers.................................................................................................................7
4.3 Minicomputer..............................................................................................................................8
4.4 Server & datacenter.....................................................................................................................8
4.5 Microcomputer............................................................................................................................8
5. Computer onderdelen in categorieën...........................................................................................8
5.1 Input toestellen (input devices)....................................................................................................8
5.2 Output toestellen (output devices)..............................................................................................9
5.3 Verwerkingstoestellen (deel 1)....................................................................................................9
5.3.1 CPU.......................................................................................................................................9
5.3.2 BIOS....................................................................................................................................10
5.3.3 Primair geheugen (memory)...............................................................................................10
5.3.4 Videokaart...........................................................................................................................11
5.4 Opslagtoestellen........................................................................................................................12
5.4.1 Internal storage...................................................................................................................12
5.4.2 External storage..................................................................................................................12
5.4.3 Network storage.................................................................................................................12
5.5 Schermen...................................................................................................................................13
5.5.1 Resolute.............................................................................................................................13
5.5.2 Aspect rato.........................................................................................................................13
5.5.3 Schermgrootee...................................................................................................................13
5.5.4 Kleurdiepte.........................................................................................................................13
Besturingssystemen 1
, 5.5.5 Refresh rate........................................................................................................................13
5.5.6 Frame rate..........................................................................................................................13
5.6 Poorten en aansluitngen...........................................................................................................14
5.6.1 Display aansluitngen..........................................................................................................14
5.6.2 Data- en device aansluitngen.............................................................................................14
5.6.3 Geluidsaansluitngen...........................................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 3:Besturingssystemen...................................................................................................15
1. Wat is een besturingssysteem?...................................................................................................15
5.7 Introducte.................................................................................................................................15
5.8 Onderdelen................................................................................................................................16
5.9 Taken.........................................................................................................................................16
5.10 Bestandssysteem.....................................................................................................................17
5.10.1 Verwerking bestandssysteem...........................................................................................17
5.11 Applicaton program interface (API)........................................................................................17
6. Desktop besturingssystemen......................................................................................................18
6.1 Windows....................................................................................................................................18
6.2 Apple Mac OS............................................................................................................................18
6.3 Linux..........................................................................................................................................19
7. Mobiele besturingssystemen......................................................................................................19
7.1 Apple iOS...................................................................................................................................19
7.2 Android......................................................................................................................................19
7.3 Windows....................................................................................................................................19
7.4 BlackBerry..................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 4: Interfaces..................................................................................................................21
1. Wat is een interface....................................................................................................................21
8. Grafische gebruikersinterface.....................................................................................................21
9. Command line interface..............................................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 5: Netwerken.................................................................................................................23
1. Wat is een netwerk?...................................................................................................................23
10. Soorten netwerken...................................................................................................................23
10.1 PAN: Personal Area Network...................................................................................................23
10.2 LAN: Local Area Network.........................................................................................................23
10.3 WAN: Wide Area Network.......................................................................................................23
11. Componenten van een netwerk................................................................................................24
11.1 Netwerk adapter.....................................................................................................................24
11.1.1 MAC-adres........................................................................................................................24
11.2 Netwerkkabels.........................................................................................................................24
11.2.1 Coaxiale kabel (coaxkabel)................................................................................................24
11.2.2 Getwist paar (twisted pair)...............................................................................................24
........................................................................................................................................................25
Besturingssystemen 2
, 11.2.3 Optsche vezel of glasvezel (fibre optcs)..........................................................................25
11.3 Hub of switch...........................................................................................................................25
11.4 Router......................................................................................................................................25
11.5 Modem....................................................................................................................................25
12. Netwerkprotocollen..................................................................................................................25
12.1 IP: Internet Protocol.................................................................................................................26
12.1.1 TCP/IP...............................................................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 6: Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................27
1. Wat is cloud computing?.............................................................................................................27
13. Lagen van cloud computing.......................................................................................................27
13.1 Drie lagen: Cloud computng stack..........................................................................................27
13.1.1 IaaSe Infrastructure as a service........................................................................................29
13.1.2 PaaSe Platorm as a service................................................................................................29
13.1.3 SaaSe Sofware as a service...............................................................................................29
14. Types van cloud computing.......................................................................................................30
14.1 Publieke cloud..........................................................................................................................30
14.2 Private cloud............................................................................................................................30
14.3 Hybride cloud...........................................................................................................................30
15. Voor- en nadelen van cloud computing.....................................................................................30
15.1 Voordelen................................................................................................................................30
15.2 Nadelen...................................................................................................................................32
16. Beveiliging van cloud computing...............................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 7: Virtualisatie...............................................................................................................33
1. Hoe werkt virtualisatie?..............................................................................................................33
17. Soorten virtualisatie..................................................................................................................33
17.1 Applicate virtualisate.............................................................................................................33
17.2 Cross-platorm virtualisate.....................................................................................................33
17.3 Emulate..................................................................................................................................33
17.4 Full virtualisate.......................................................................................................................33
17.5 Hardware-enabled virtualisate...............................................................................................34
17.6 Natve virtualisate...................................................................................................................34
17.7 Besturingssysteem-level virtualisate.......................................................................................34
17.8 Paravirtualisate......................................................................................................................34
17.9 Partal virtualisate..................................................................................................................34
17.10 Resource virtualisate............................................................................................................34
Besturingssystemen 3
, BESTURINGSSYSTEMEN
HOOFDSTUK 1: GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE COMPUTERS
1. VOORLOPERS VAN DE COMPUTERS
1.1 CHARLES BABBAGE (1820 – 1850)
- Voorlopers computer ONTWORPEN (niet uitgewerkt)
o Difference En ine o. 1 Tabellen met cijfers genereren
25.000 onderdelen
15 ton
o Analytical En ine Programmeerbaar rekenmachine
o Difference En ine o. 2 Simpelere versie van No.1
4.000 onderdelen
2,6 ton
- Niet uitgewerkt door
o Gebrek aan financiering
o Voortdurende wijzigingen
1.2 DIFFEREoCE EoGIoE oO 2
- Uitgevoerd door London Science Museum
- 1985 – 1991
- Ter ere van de 200e geboortedag van C. Babbage
2. VIJF
GENERATIES COMPUTERS
Opgedeeld o.b.v. hardware-evoluties
2.1 EERSTE GEoERATIE (’40 – ’56)
- Vacuümbuizen supergrote computers
- Hitte, duur, groot, onbetrouwbaar (heel snel kapot)
- Input: ponskaarten (= metalen kaart met gaten)
- Output: printouts
- Voorbeelden: Eniac, Edvac, Mark I, IBM-650, IBM-701, Univac
2.2 2E GEoERATIE (’56 – ’63)
- Transistoren, compacter, minder hitte, energiezuiniger, duur,
betrouwbaarder, sneller, programmeertalen (Cobol)
- Input: ponskaarten & magneetbanden
- Output: print
- Voorbeelden: IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, Univac 1108
Besturingssystemen 4
