CJ 230 - Criminal Investigations Exam 1

Henry Fielding - appointed in 1748 as Magistrate of England's Bow Street. First Paid Detective Unit - Bow Street Runners - 1750 Eugene Francois Vidocq - Father of modern criminology Criminal turned crime fighter Formed Brigade de la Surete Head of the National Police Force First private detective in history Brigade de la Surete - plain clothed civilian detective unit Allan Pinkerton - Appointed as the first detective in Chicago in 1849 Co-founder of the Northwestern Police Agency Developed stings, undercover work and surveillance Early Criminal Investigation Units in the U.S - Chicago Detroit New York Cincinnati Criminal Investigation - The process of discovering, collecting, preparing, Identifying and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible Deductive Reasoning - A logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts Criminalistics - refers to the specialists trained in recording, identifying and interpreting the minuet details of physical evidence Criminalist - Searches for, collects and preserves physical evidence in investigations of crime and suspected criminals Exchange Principle - Dr. Edmond Locard's belief that a criminal either leaves behind or takes something from the scene of a crime Crime - An act in violation of penal law and an offense against the state. Felony - A serious crime generally punishable by death or imprisonment of more than one year in a penitentiary Misdemeanor - A crime or offense that is less serious and is punishable by a find or imprisonment of as long as one year in an institution other than a penitentiary. Criminal Statute - A legislative act relating to a crimine and its punishment Ordinance - An act of the legislative body of municipality or county relating to all the rules governing the municipality or county, including misdemeanors. Goals of Criminal Investigation - Determine whether a crime has been committed Legally obtain info and evidence to ID responsible person Arrest suspect Recover stolen property Present the best possible case to prosecutor A Successful Investigation is One in Which: - ESTABLISHES THE TRUTH logical sequence is followed all evidence is legal all witnesses are effectively interviewed all suspects are legally interrogated all leads are throughly developed all details are accurate and complete in records and reports Investigators Perform These Functions: - Provide emergency assistance Secure the crime scene Photograph videotape and sketch Take notes and write reports Search for, obtain and proves physical evidence Obtain information from witnesses and suspects Identify suspects Conduct raids, surveillances, stakeouts, undercover operations Testify in court