ATI Pediatrics Midterm Exam

Why Monitor for growth and development? - Knowing what is normal and expected physical growth - QUALITATIVE measurement of change in size, length, mass childhood growth is continuous but uneven process development - QUANTITATIVE increase in the capacity to function growth measurement - •Length (infancy) or height (older children) •Weight (Kg and Lbs) •Head circumference (cm or inches physical differences in children - -body size is smaller -head at birth to the first year sutures are not fused -immature motor development- no voluntary control of movement -eustachian tubes are shorter and straighter (disposed to ear infections) -heart grows very slowly -larynx/trachea is very soft -urethra shorter (uti disposition) -kidney unable to concetrate urine -skin half the thickness of adult -blood values different -digestive tract is immature at birth; grows through adolecense -mental and emotional differences INFANT (Birth-1y) - • Fontanels- Anterior fontanel closes 12 to 18 months- Posterior fontanel closes 6 to 8 weeks TODDLER (1y-3y)• - Growth slows• "Buddha-like" r/t immature abdominal muscles• Slightly bowed legs normal• Maturation of digestive system- Voluntary control of elimination- Physiologic ability to control sphincters at 18 to 24 months• Bladder capacity increases ~14 to 18 mo• Senses increasingly well developed & coordinated w/ each other• Can maintain body temperature- Skin more mature PRESCHOOL (3y-6y) - Slender, sturdy, graceful, agile, & posturally erect• Little difference in physical characteristics according tosex• Most body systems are mature & stable• Gross Motor & Fine Motor Behavior- Refinement of eye-hand coordination & musclecoordination SCHOOL-AGE CHILD (6y-12y) - • School environment significant impact on development & relationships• Differences in gender- Little differences in size in beginning; wider differences observed at end ofmiddle childhood. Can b