AQA A level Psychology paper 2-Research methods

AQA A level Psychology paper 2-Research methods What Types of experiment are there? - Answer ️️ -Lab Field Natural Quasi How are lab experiments conducted? - Answer ️️ -take place in a highly controlled environment Pros and Cons of lab experiments - Answer ️️ -High level of control of the iV and DV so we can determine cause and effect High internal validity High replicability Artificial so lacks generalizability (ecological validity/mundane realism) Low external validity Risk of demand characteristics What is a field experiment? - Answer ️️ -Takes place in a more everyday setting but the IV is still manipulated What are the pros and cons of a field experiment? - Answer ️️ -High mundane realism/ecological validity High external validity Difficult to replicate Less control of extraneous variables Low internal validity Ethical issues eg consent and privacy What is a natural experiment? - Answer ️️ -The IV occurs naturally rather than being manipulated by the researcher. Can be conducted in a lab or field setting What are the pros and cons of natural experiment? - Answer ️️ -High mundane realism/ecological validity Opportunities may come along rarely Ppts may not be randomly allocated to experimental conditions What is a quasi experiment? - Answer ️️ -Has an IV based on existing difference between ppl eg age, gender with no manipulation from the experimenter What are the pros and cons of quasi experiment ? - Answer ️️ -Controlled conditions High internal validity and replicability Cannot randomly allocate ppts so there is a chance of confounding variables Difficult to establish cause and effect without the manipulation of the IV What types of observations are there? - Answer ️️ -Naturalistic, controlled, covert, overt, participant, non participant Describe Naturalistic observation - Answer ️️ -Behavior is studied in a natural environment where nothing is changed. What are the pros and cons of Naturalistic observation? - Answer ️️ -High external validity Hard to replicate Lack of control over variables Describe controlled observation - Answer ️️ -Some variables are controlled by the researcher through manipulation or by controlling extraneous or confounding variables pros and cons of controlled observation - Answer ️️ -Some variables are controlled by the researcher Low external validity Describe covert observation - Answer ️️ -Ppts do not know they are being observed pros and cons of covert observation - Answer ️️ -Reduced demand cha