PECT Special Education Mods 1&2 pk-8 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

FERPA (Buckley Amendment) 1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act - Answer is a federal law that protects the privacy of student education record Board of Education v. Rowley 1982 - Answer High Court held that public schools are not required by law to provide sign language interpreters to deaf students who are otherwise receiving an equal and adequate education. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - Answer High Courts banned segregation in schools Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) - Answer Addressed the inequality of educational opportunity for underprivileged children. This landmark legislation provided resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. In 1970, Congress enacted the Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 91-230) - Answer Efforts to encourage states to develop educational programs for individuals with disabilities. Pennsylvania Assn. for Retarded Children v.Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC) 1971 - Answer The exclusion of children with mental retardation from public schools. it was agreed that educational placement decisions must include a process of parental participation and a means to resolve disputes. Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia. 1972 - Answer the practice of suspending, expelling and excluding children with disabilities in public schools. The school district's primary defense was the high cost of educating children with disabilities. Public Law 94-142: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 - Answer Congress intended that all children with disabilities would "have a right to education, and to establish a process by which State and local educational agencies may be held accountable for providing educational services for all handicapped children." Initially, the law focused on ensuring that children with disabilities had access to an education and due process of law. Congress included an elaborate system of legal checks and balances called "procedural safeguards" that are designed to protect the rights of children and their parents. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 - Answer Congress increased the focus on accountability and improved outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction by requiring that special education teachers be highly qualified. The first purpose is to provide an education that meets a child's unique needs and prepares the child for further education, employment, and independent living. The second purpose is to protect the rights of both children with disabilities and their parents. Gaskin v. PDE - Answer LRE and school districts to offer a full continuum of support services allowing disabled children to be educated in regular classrooms. IDEIA Part B: ages 3-21 Part C: ages birth-2 - Answer required that students progress toward their performance goals be reported yearly instead of every 2 years required that SwD participate in the academic assessment mandated for each state under NCLB Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) - Answer is a plan for special services for young children with developmental delays. An ____ only applies to children from birth to three years of age. Once a child turns 3 years old, an Individualized Education Program (IEP) is put into place. Individualized Transition Plan ITP - Answer is the section of the Individual Education Plan (IEP) that outlines transition goals and services for the student. is the template for mapping out long-term adult outcomes from which annual goals and objectives are defined. •Develop a plan 5 to 7 years before graduation No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Bush) - Answer To ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments. The law was meant to eradicate achievement gaps. The law required states to test students on math and English every year in the third through eighth grades, and then again once in high school. It also required at least one science test in elementary, middle and high school. ESSA-Every Student Succeeds Act 2015 (Obama) - Answer States must still test students in the same grades but will now have flexibility in how and when they administer those tests. For example, a single annual assessment can be broken down into a series of smaller tests. There's also an emphasis on finding different kinds of tests that more accurately measure what students are learning. Re authorization of the old ESEA 6 Principals of IDEA - Answer 1. FAPE 2. Appropriate Evaluations 3. IEP 4. LRE 5. Parental and Student Participation 6. Procedural Due Process Free Appropriate Public Education - Answer every child with a disability is entitled to a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The IDEA emphasizes special education and related services, which should be designed to meet a child's "unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living." Appropriate Evaluation - Answer requires that schools conduct "appropriate evaluations"of students who are suspected of having a disability. An appropriate evaluation must be implemented by a team of knowledgeable and trained evaluators, must utilize sound evaluation materials and procedures, and must be administered on a non-discriminatory basis. Individualized Education Plan IEP - Answer was established by the IDEA to help ensure every child's access to a Free Appropriate Public Education. This is a written document, developed by a team, which draws upon existing evaluation information in order to meet a student's unique educational needs. must include information regarding a student's present levels of educational performance, annual goals and benchmarking objectives, services and supplementary aids to be received, and a detailed explanation of instances where a student is not participating in the general classroom and why. Least Restrictive Environment LRE - Answer a student is guaranteed placement in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) possible. Therefore, an IEP team must explore a number of alternatives for enabling a student to participate in the general education classroom. These may include: classroom modifications, supplemental aids and services, alternative instructional methods, etc. ****IEP team needs to be guided primarily by the frequency, duration, and intensity of the identified services needed by the student Parent Participation - Answer state educational agencies and local school boards must ensure that the parents of a child with a disability are members of any group that makes decisions regarding the placement and LRE of that child. have the right to equal participation in this process, and are entitled to notification of a planned evaluation, access to planning and evaluation materials, and involvement in all meetings regarding their child's placement. Additionally, parents retain the right to refuse further evaluation of their child Procedural Safeguards - Answer the IDEA establishes procedural safeguards to help parents and students enforce their rights under federal law. The primary purpose of this requirement is twofold: safeguards protect parental access to information pertaining to placement and transition planning; and procedures are put in place to resolve disagreements between parents and schools regarding the placement of a student. Lev Vygotsky - Answer says to determine their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). This means the skills that are just a little bit beyond their reach. When you are working with a small reading group, don't pick books that kids can read perfectly. Pick ones that are just a little bit challenging, that students will need some support to read. ***Scaffolding Scaffold (scaffolding) - Answer When you ___________ a student, you give them support to complete a task that they can't quite do on their own. For example, at first, students need to be walked through every step of long division. Gradually the scaffolding can be reduced. Maybe they just need a couple of reminders at tricky spots. Eventually the scaffolding can be removed because the student can complete the task on their own. Erik Erickson - Answer psychosocial theory of development considers the impact of external factors, parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. 8 stages of development 1. trust vs. mistrust; 2. autonomy vs. shame/doubt; 3. initiative vs. guilt; 4. industry vs. inferiority; 5. identity vs. role confusion; 6. intimacy vs. isolation; 7. generatively vs. stagnation; 8. integrity vs. despair John B Watson - Answer behaviorist movement Given the situation, to tell what the human being will do; given the man in action, to be able to say why he is reacting in that way Abraham H. Maslow - Answer Hierarchy of Needs (self-actualization) Jean Piaget - Answer was a constructivist which means he believed that kids learn by manipulating, modifying, and otherwise working with concepts They construct their own learning rather than just being told something B.F. Skinner - Answer is the heart of behaviorism It's the idea that praise and rewards positively reinforce a behavior and encourage kids to continue with it. Punishments discourage students from a behavior. Beyond following rules, there are learning actions we can reinforce Jerome Bruner - Answer idea of spiral curriculum at work Elementary students can't design roads and bridges but they can begin to learn about the physics of how the slope of a ramp effects the speed of a ball rolling down that ramp. Each year they can revsit and build on their previous learning. Benjamin Bloom - Answer It's a hierarchy of intellectual behaviors. The lowest level is remembering facts. The highest level is using that knowledge to create something new Howard Gardner - Answer He created the theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the classroom we can engage multiple intelligences by singing educational songs, allowing students to work through concepts verbally, through art, through writing, with partners, and through movement. Maria Montessori - Answer Learning styles should be adjusted to each child's unique abilities, skills and interests. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act - Answer is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. This ensures that the child with a disability has equal access to an education. The child may receive accommodations and modifications. This does not require a public school to provide an (IEP) that is designed to meet a child's unique needs and provide the child with educational benefit ADA (Amercian Disabilities Act) - Answer is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else Trending in Special Education - Answer 1. Early Intervention and Prevention 2.Technology 3. Transition Planning 4. Teacher Licensure 5. Placement