Behaviourist Approach 16 Marker Essay

(AO1) Simply state 3 basic assumptions about the behaviourist approach. - 1) Behaviour is acquired by learning experiences. 2) Classical conditioning (CC) discovered by Pavlov - existing involuntary reflex associated with new stimulus. 3) Operant conditioning (OC) studied by Skinner - Voluntary behaviour associated with a consequence (AO1) Further expand on behaviour being acquired by learning experiences. - Mental processes and genetics = unimportant in determining behaviour. (AO1) Explain how Pavlov studied classical conditioning. - Salivation in dogs (UCR) Associated bell (NS) + food (US) -> Salivation (CR) Process can be used to explain the acquisition of phobias. (AO1) Explain the types of reinforcement involved with Skinner's study of operant conditioning. - Positive reinforcement - reward given for a desired or good behaviour is repeated. Negative reinforcement - something unpleasant is removed to promote good behaviour. Punishment - consequence that makes behaviour less likely to occur. (AO3) Simply state 2 strengths of the behaviourist approach. (P) - 1) Scientific credibility. 2) Application to the treatment of phobias. (AO3) Explain why scientific credibility is a strength of the behaviourist approach. (E+C) - E) Used experimental methods (e.g. lab experiments) - emphasised importance of objectivity (e.g. Pavlov measuring amount of salivation) and replication (e.g. Skinner) C) Behaviourists were able to measure behaviour in a controlled manner - enabled easier replication to assess reliability and prevent bias.