EPA Lead Risk Assessor Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

EPA Lead Risk Assessor Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions HUD Guidelines - ANSWER-What Federal document serves as an overall guideline for performing inspections, risk assessments, and abatement activities? chelation therapy - ANSWER-A child may be treated for lead poisoning by using... Identify LBP hazards - ANSWER-The purpose of a lead risk assessment is to? Elevated Blood Level - ANSWER-What does EBL mean? Ingestion of lead dust - ANSWER-How does lead primarily enter children's bodies? No, the elevated blood levels of 17ug/dL and 16ug/dL were not consecutive - ANSWERWould a child with consecutive blood lead tests of 17 ug/dl, 9 ug/dl, and 16 ug/dl be considered to be lead poisoned? Lead Inspection - ANSWER-Which is more useful for the renovation contractor, the lead inspection or the risk assessment? Visual Dust Soil Paint Chip XRF Water - ANSWER-What six sampling methods do Risk Assessors use to identify lead hazards? Notify the client in writing - ANSWER-A certified Risk Assessor may conduct a Risk assessment on a property which is to be abated by the firm for which they work, if they... 30 ug/m3 - ANSWER-What is the OSHA Action Level for lead? Optional - ANSWER-Water sampling as part of a Risk Assessment is: Mandatory, Optional, or Never included? Dust Friction Surface Impact Surface Chewable Surface Deteriorated Paint Soil - ANSWER-What are the six LBP hazards defined by EPA? 1,200 ppm - ANSWER-EPA Soil lead hazard in general yard area True - ANSWER-XRF analysis is the most common method for determining LBP False, XRF is most commonly used to determine LBP but not hazards - ANSWER-XRF analysis is the most common method for determining lead hazards Performance Characteristic Sheet (PCS) supplied with the XRF - ANSWER-Where would you find operational data for an XRF? 13 - ANSWER-How many dust samples are usually taken for a Risk Assessment? Removal Enclosure Encapsulation - ANSWER-What are the three forms of lead abatement? 3 shots on the 1.02 standard - ANSWER-How do you calibrate an XRF? Beginning End Every 4 hours Every time the device is powered down - ANSWER-How often do you calibrate an XRF? Equal to or greater than 1.0 mg/cm2 - ANSWER-LBP per XRF Greater than 0.5% by weight - ANSWER-LBP % level by paint chip analysis 40 ug/ft2 - ANSWER-EPA Floor clearance/hazard level 250 ug/ft2 - ANSWER-EPA Window sill or stool clearance/hazard level 400 ug/ft2 - ANSWER-EPA Window trough or well clearance/hazard level 50 ug/m3 - ANSWER-OSHA lead PEL 30 ug/m3 - ANSWER-OSHA lead Action Level 400 ppm - ANSWER-EPA Soil play area/vegetable garden clearance/hazard level 1,200 ppm - ANSWER-EPA Soil other parts of yard clearance/hazard level 5,000 ppm - ANSWER-HUD required Level for soil abatement greater than 15 ppb or 15ug/l or 0.015mg/l - ANSWER-EPA action level criteria for lead in drinking water 5 ug/dL - ANSWER-Lead blood Level requiring investigation in children A single LBL reading above 20 ug/dL or two consecutive readings between 15-19 ug/dL. (Consecutive readings must be taken at least 3 months apart) - ANSWER-Lead poisoned criteria 50 ug/dL - ANSWER-OSHA medical removal level for lead in adult worker blood -same as PEL 40 ug/dL - ANSWER-OSHA back to work level for lead in adult worker blood Any houses built before 1978 except: Housing designated for elderly Designated housing for adult disabled Zero bedroom units (except a child under age 6) Vacant houses awaiting demolition - ANSWER-What is considered Target Housing? ANY building, or portion of building: Built before 1978; Visited by the same child who is less than 6 years old; On 2 separate days per week; For at least 3 hours per visit; For a total of 60 hours total per year - ANSWER-What is a Child Occupied Facility? Disturbed surfaces are less than: 20 sq. ft. for exterior surfaces 2 sq. ft. per room for interior surfaces 10% of surface area on any small component surface - ANSWER-Surface area criteria where EPA regulations do not apply? 10 up to 500 ug/m3 - ANSWER-Protection Factor of a 1/2 face NPR, lead concentrations of? 50 up to 2,500 ug/m3 - ANSWER-Protection Factor of a full-face NPR, lead concentrations of? 100 up to 5,000 ug/m3 - ANSWER-Protect Factor of a PAPR, lead concentrations of? Written program Respirator training Fit test Annual physical Fit check - ANSWER-OSHA respirator requirements 1,000 up to 50,000 ug/m3 - ANSWER-Protection Factor of SCBA, lead concentrations of? 1. Minimize or eliminate generation of dust/debris 2. Contain dust/debris in regulated work area 3. Collect debris on disposable sheeting 4. Clean using wet methods and a HEPA vacuum - ANSWER-Lead-Safe Work Practices Removal Enclosure Encapsulation - ANSWER-Name three forms of lead abatement 20 years - ANSWER-How long must lead abatement last? Address side - ANSWER-When diagraming a house for a Risk assessment, the "A" side is the? Lead inspectors and risk assessors - ANSWER-Who can conduct lead inspections in target housing and child occupied facilities? To identify the presence and locations of LBP - ANSWER-What is the purpose of lead inspections? 1978 - ANSWER-What year was LBP banned for residential use properties? Flu symptoms - ANSWER-The symptoms of lead poisoning are most often misdiagnosed as? Material hazard and surface hazard - ANSWER-What are the two categories of lead hazards in a risk assessment? LBP and human teeth marks - ANSWER-What conditions are necessary to have a chewable surface hazard? LBP, evidence of abrasion, and dust on nearby horizontal surfaces. - ANSWER-What conditions are necessary to have a friction surface hazard? LBP, in contact with another building component, and evidence of damage. - ANSWERWhat conditions are necessary to have a impact surface hazard? 1. Targeted 2. Random 3. Worst case - ANSWER-What are the three types of criteria a risk assessor can select for assessment of a dwelling? Where bare soil is present: 1. Dripline of house 2. Play areas and vegetable gardens 3. Areas greater than 9 sq. ft. - ANSWER-What exterior soil areas need to be tested? 50 ug/wipe - ANSWER-Blank wipe samples should be recollected if they exceed...? 1 for each dwelling unit or 1 blank / 50 samples. Whichever is least - ANSWER-How many dust wipe blanks are needed? 4 per composite sample - ANSWER-how many wipes per composite sample are allowed? Recommended: 1 ft^2 / Minimum = 0.1ft2 - ANSWER-what is the minimum wipe area for floors? 1. Start at corner with wipe fully opened 2. First pass: side-to-side in s pattern, fold in half 3. Second pass: Top-to-bottom s pattern, fold 4. *ASTM* Third pass: Wipe around perimeter - ANSWER-Describe the dust wipe sampling method in steps: 4 Intact: entire surface intact Fair: =2ft2 damaged Poor: 2ft2 damaged - ANSWER-Paint Conditions for Interior Paint Quality: 3 of them 1: Loading 2. mass concentration - ANSWER-2 ways to describe the amount of lead in dust: wipe sampling or vacuum sampling - ANSWER-lead in dust: loading is measured by? usually measured by vacuum sampling only - ANSWER-lead in dust: mass concentration is measured by... Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Relied upon to identify LBP hazards and identify management solutions - ANSWER-What does TSCA stand for and what is it relied upon to do? - does not contain aloe - yields between 80% - 120% recovery rates - blank wipes are less than 5 ug/wipe - ANSWER-Acceptable Dust Wipe criteria: 3 - different dwellings - different components - different locations - from carpet and hard surfaces - ANSWER-composite samples should be collected separately for: when lead dust levels are needed in a specific location - ANSWER-When to use single wipe sampling? Advantages: -lower cost per sample -increased surface area per wipe Disadvantages: -lead dust in a specific location info is lost -labs must adopt special prep procedures - ANSWER-advantages and disadvantages of composite wipe sampling: 2 each at least 6-8 per dwelling - ANSWER-how many single wipe samples should be collected per dwelling? floors = 10ug/ft2 sills = 100ug/ft2 troughs = 100ug/ft2 - ANSWER-HUD clearance levels for floor, sills, troughs: -main child play room -kitchen -bedroom of youngest child over 6 months -bedroom of next oldest child - ANSWER-Rooms to sample when composite wipe sampling at a minimum: 4 3-10 subsamples per composite collected roughly along a straight line - ANSWERNumber of sub-samples per soil composite sample? at least 2 samples - ANSWER-how many composite soil samples are needed? A2LA - American Association for Laboratory Accreditation AIHA - American Industrial Hygiene Association - ANSWER-Labs used by risk assessors must be certified by one of these two agencies: At least 6 hours, best time to sample is first thing in the morning - ANSWER-How long should water sit motionless before being sampled? False. (2 ft2 is poor condition) - ANSWER-T/F: Interior wall has 3 ft2 of deteriorated paint. This is classified as fair condition. False. (10% is fair condition for components) - ANSWER-T/F: 8% of a window sill in the living room is deteriorated. This is classified as poor condition. False, only bare soil is required to be sampled - ANSWER-T/F: Soil covered in dense grass and vegetation can be a lead based hazard? False, dust is the strongest predictor for child blood lead level - ANSWER-T/F: Dust lead levels are the weakest predictor of children's BLL compared to other variables. No, the acceptable recovery rate is 80% - 120% - ANSWER-If a dust wipe has a recovery rate of 65% is it acceptable to use? 25 ug/ft2 - ANSWER-HUD Clearance level for dust samples collected for a lead hazard screen for floors is... 125 ug/ft2 - ANSWER-HUD Clearance level dust samples collected for a lead hazard screen on window sills is... -building history -painting history -maintenance and management history -similar construction - ANSWER-similar dwellings have common: 10 units or 20% - ANSWER-What is minimum # of dwellings to sample when using targeted/worse case in a multi-family of 23 units? 19 - ANSWER-Minimum # of dwellings to sample in multi-family of 128 units? (targeted/worse case) all units if 5 units - ANSWER-Minimum # of dwellings samples in multi-family of 4 units? (targeted/worse case) 20 - ANSWER-Random Sampling: # of units to sample in multi-family of 25 units? 60 units - ANSWER-Random Sampling: # of units to sample in multi-family of 1,045 units? assess each dwelling individually - ANSWER-If there are fewer than 5 dwellings and they do not have similar histories, you should assess... after sampling the final dwelling of the day but before decontamination - ANSWER-at what time in the inspection do you collect blank samples? between 50ug - 1000ug - ANSWER-spike samples contain this range of lead-containing dust Intact - Entire surface is undamaged Fair - = 10ft2 damaged Poor - 10ft2 damaged - ANSWER-Paint Conditions for Exterior Paint Quality: 3 of them In 1992 as Title X of the Housing and Community Development Act - ANSWERResidential Lead-Based Hazard Reduction Act was enacted in what year? To regulate and educate home-buyers on the presence of lead paint in U.S. households built before 1978. - ANSWER-What was the purpose of the Title X of the Housing and Community Development Act? At or above 45ug/dL - ANSWER-At what lead blood level does a child require chelation therapy? no - ANSWER-can lead be absorbed through the skin? in bones - ANSWER-where does excess lead get stored in the body? the liver and kidneys - ANSWER-what are the first organs to be affected by lead ingestion? yes - ANSWER-can lead cross the placenta to an unborn baby? only the contractors client (whoever hired the abatement crew) - it's up to the client to notify tenants - ANSWER-The contractor must notify who the results of clearance testing and work performed? oil paint - ANSWER-lead based paint is primarily in this type of paint C. A centrifuge tube (coring) - ANSWER-What tool is best to be used for soil sampling? A. A knife B. Tweezers/forceps C. A centrifuge tube D. Gloved hands A newel post is the supporting post in a staircase's railing - ANSWER-What is a newel post? Spiked samples are manufactured in a laboratory environment 1. If it is necessary to prepare spiked wipe samples, use the same brand of wet wipes that will actually be used in the field. 2. Obtain a NIST Standard Reference Material containing a certified concentration of lead, or a traceable secondary standard with a known amount of lead in dust. 3. Weigh out between 50 and 500 µg of lead (not total dust) to the nearest microgram. 4. Insert spiked sample randomly into sample set (1 for 50 sa - ANSWER-How do you make spike samples? 1 per 50 samples analyzed - ANSWER-How many spike samples are needed per # of samples? Spiked samples help show to what extent the laboratory's analytical method is working, and help assess the accuracy of the method and/or the analyst. - ANSWER-What is the purpose of spike samples? Submitting blank samples is important to test the accuracy of your sampling techniques, the sampling media, and the laboratory's analysis. This can determine if you're sampling techniques are inadequate and contaminating samples. - ANSWER-What is the purpose of blank samples? B. Battery shop across the street - ANSWER-What is the most likely source of lead being brought into the home? A. Parents are landscapers B. Battery shop across the street C. Father has a model airplane making hobby D. Mother is an airplane pilot peeling, chipping, chalking, cracking, damaged, or damp - ANSWER-Types of deterioration of lead-based paint you may observe include: Chalking - ANSWER-What paint deterioration will likely result in the most lead dust? 1. Making lead sinkers for fishing 2. Casting your own bullets in the backyard 3. Recycling old car batteries - ANSWER-Common hobbies/tasks that may lead to introducing lead into the home? D. This paint is not lead-based paint, note the results in your report and let the client know. (LBP is greater than 5000ppm) - ANSWER-A wipe sample you took came back from the lab with a lead result of 800ppm. What should you do? A. This paint is lead-based paint, note in your report and let the client know they have a lead paint in their property. B. Resample the area where you took the sample from. C. Call the lab and tell them they must report the results in mg/cm2 D. This paint is not lead-based paint, note the results in your report and let the client know. Yes, lead concentrations greater than 0.5% by weight is considered lead-based paint. - ANSWER-You receive a laboratory analysis that says the lead content of a paint-chip sample you collected contains 1% lead by weight. Is this considered lead-based paint? No, the EPA clearance level for soil in a play area is 400ppm. The composite sample reported 1,000ppm and there were 4 subsamples. 1,000/4 = 250ppm per subsample which is below the EPA clearance level. - ANSWER-You receive a laboratory analysis that says the soil composite sample you collected from soil within a play area reported 1,000 ppm. There were 4 sub-samples within your composite sample. Does this exceed the EPA's clearance level? A. You are required to abate the soil above 5,000ppm - ANSWER-You receive a laboratory analysis that says the soil composite sample you collected from soil reported 8,000ppm. What must you do? A. You are required to abate the soil B. Ask the homeowner what they want to do C. Call the EPA and let them know of the soil concentration immediately. D. Nothing, the soil is not a lead hazard Yes, equal to or greater than 1.0mg/cm2 is lead-based paint - ANSWER-You're XRF shot on a painted wall reports 3.6mg/cm2. Is Is this considered lead-based paint? D. ionizing x-ray radiation - ANSWER-What type of radiation does an XRF emit? A. microwave radiation B. ultraviolet radiation C. non-ionizing radiation D. ionizing x-ray radiation 1.0 mg/cm2 0.5% by weight 5000 ug/g - ANSWER-5000ppm is the same as.. B. Risk Assessment - ANSWER-A parent is concerned that their child may have ingested lead-based paint and wants to check the property for additional lead hazards. The homeowner informs you that the house was built in 1963 and is in poor condition. What is the appropriate service to provide? A. Lead-based paint inspection B. Risk Assessment C. Lead Hazard Screen C. Lead Hazard Screen - ANSWER-You're client is multi-family housing owner and is going to be moving in new tenants. A child below the age of 6 is moving into one of the newer apartments in the building. The apartment is in good condition with no known issues and you're client is concerned about the price of inspection as there are many apartments to inspect. What service should you provide? A. Lead-based paint inspection B. Risk Assessment C. Lead Hazard Screen Acid digestion is a method used by the laboratory to dissolve the wipe material leaving just the lead material. - ANSWER-What is acid digestion? No more than 5 subsamples should be included in the same sample container or ziptype sealable baggie. - ANSWER-How many subsamples per composite paint chip sample are you allowed?