PALS HEART CODE 2025 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS

Where can you check a pulse on an infant and child? infant - brachial child - femoral What are signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue and respiratory failure? Select all that apply nasal flaring unlabored breathing apnea seesaw respirations retractions head bobbing nasal flaring seesaw respirations retractions head bobbing Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in _____ seconds and multiplying by _____. 30 2 Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory ______ in infants distress Hypotension fro children 1 to 10 years of age is a systolic blood pressure of less than 40mmHg + 2 x age in years 50mmHg + 2 x age in years 60mmHg + 2 x age in years 70mmHg + 2 x age in years 70mmHg + 2 x age in years What sequence is used when care for a seriously ill or injured child to help determine the best treatment or intervention? The __________ ___________ ____________ sequence Evaluate Identify Intervene Automated blood pressure cuffs may provide _________ ________ readings when the child is in shock. inaccurately high The primary assessment included the ABCDE approach. What does it assess? Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure What does a prolonged capillary refill time indicate? low cardiac output ________ is usually high-pitched breathing during inspiration, whereas ___________ is usually during expiration Stridor wheezing Normal capillary refill time is _____ seconds or less 2 What pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? Peripheral and central What do weak central pulses indicate a need for immediate intervention to prevent? Cardiac arrest When oxygenation delivery to the extremities becomes inadequate, the _______ and ________ are the first to exhibit designs. Hands Feet What should be used to assess skin temperature? the back of the hand What is the preferred technique for infant compressions when there are 2 or more rescuers present? 2 thumb-encircling hands technique If pupils to not _________ in response to light consider increased _____________ pressure Constrict intracranial pressure If ________ is not identified and treated immediately, it can result in ________ injury hypoglycemia brain What are the 4 indicators of the AVPU scale that are used to determine responsiveness? Alert Responds to pain Unresponsive Responds to voice If the child does not respond to voice, assess the child's response to ______ pain What should you look for when exposing the child? Bruising purpura bleeding What does the mnemonic SAMPLE stand for? Signs & symptoms allergies medications PMH last meal events leading to illness/injury What should be included in the history when asking about medications? OTC medications current prescribed medications Which component of SAMPLE assesses immunization status? PMH What are some examples of diagnostic assessments? ABG VBG Hemoglobin Concentration What dictates the timing of diagnostic assessments? clinical situation Which component of effective high-performance teams is represented by the use of real-time feedback devices? Quality Crackles happen during ________ and grunting happens during ________ inspiration expiration What is an advantage of effective teamwork? division of tasks What is the best example of the team leader role? models excellent team behavior What is the best example of a team member role? committed to success What is the primary purpose of the CPR coach on a resuscitation team? improve cpr quality How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? coach to midrange targets Which high performance team member has the responsibility for assigning roles (positions)? team leader What element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions? constructive intervention Which of the following describe how to communicate? closed-loop communications clear messaging Which resuscitation strategy will result in an improved chest compression fraction? hovering over the chest during compression pauses What is one way to increase chest compression fraction during a code? Charging the defibrillator 15 seconds before a rhythm check A chest compression fraction of at least ____ is recommended, and a goal of ____ is often achievable with good teamwork 60% 80% What is chest compression fraction? proportion of time that compressions are performed For an unwitnessed cardiac arrest, what should you do after determining unresponsiveness and there is no breathing or pulse? perform high-quality CPR for 2 mins What is the definition of oxygen saturation? the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin Children develop hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia more quickly than adults because of their? higher metabolic rate In infants and toddlers, the young and epiglottis, relative to those of an adult are ________ large How can normal spontaneous breathing be characterized? quiet unlabored inspiration Increased WOB can be associated with ________ airway resistance and/or ________ lung compliance. increased decreased What happens when airway resistance increases? WOB increases Which of the following describes laminar or normal airflow? low airway resistance and a small driving pressure what is the role of the diaphragm contraction during normal breathing in infants? pulls the ribs slightly inward which is a characteristic of muscle weakness? seesaw breathing Which of the following is true about airway resistance? when airway resistance increases, work of breathing increases During spontaneous breathing, what are the inspiratory muscles attempting to do? increase intrathoracic volume Which of these factors can override brainstem control of breathing in an infant? breath holding what do central chemoreceptors respond to? hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - it increases intrathoracic pressure - it impedes venous return What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device? reposition the airway verify the mask size How are effective oxygenation and ventilation assessed? oxygen saturation visible chest rise exhaled carbon dioxide How can gastric inflation impair bag mask ventilation? It decreases lung compliance What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation? Deliver each breath over 1 second Hypoxemia is defined as oxygen saturation less than _____ 94% Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia? Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial spo2 What does hyperventilation, which refers to increase alveolar ventilation result in PaCO2 35mmHg