Teratogens for the Genetic Counseling Board Exam (A+ GRADED)

ACE inhibitors correct answers "the only anti-hypertensive medications associated with structural defects, Renal tubular dysplasia -> oligohydramnios, Potter's sequence, and pulmonary hypoplasia IUGR Hypocalvaria manifested by large anterior fontanel, vasodilation, severe fetal hypotension, anuria/oliguria" Alcohol correct answers "Growth restriction CNS involvement, (intelligence & behavior) Characteristic facial features such as ptosis, short palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum and thin upper vermilion, microcephaly, flat nasal bridge" Aminopterin correct answers (50%) IUGR, Short stature, delayed calvarial ossification, craniosynostosis, hydrocephalus, abnormal auricles, ocular hypertelorism, micrognathia, Cleft Palate, limb & digital anomalies, NTDs Amphetamines correct answers heart defects and CL in some mice Anticonvulsants correct answers "6-15% risk for major malformations Hypertelorism Broad depressed nasal bridge Short nose with anteverted nares "Cupid's bow" lip Fingernail hypoplasia Meningomyelocele Oral clefts Congenital heart defects Limb defects Developmental delay, most significantly with valproic acid" Aspirin correct answers inc SAb risk when exposed around conception, avoid in late pregnancy due to concerns for premature constriction of ductus arteriosus & bleeding abnormalities Benzodiazepines correct answers "Clefting? neonatal adaptation syndrome" Carbamazepine (Tegretol) correct answers Spina Bifida (1%), craniofacial anomalies, dev delay? Cigarettes correct answers Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, miscarraige, placental abruption, placenta previa, fetal growth restriction (dose dependant), preterm delivery, SIDS, orofacial clefts, abnormal placentation, decreased childhood pulmonary fxn, ADHD, food allergies