Developmental Neuro Midterm Brain Certification Review | 50 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Update | Verified

The brain begins as an embryonic structure called the: - Neural tube Brain development starts shortly after conception. The brain is considered mature around the age of: - 25 Different abilities, and their underlying neural circuits, develop in a bottom-up sequence during sensitive periods. Put the following abilities in the correct sequence of development. - Sensory abilities, motor skills, emotional skills, executive function skills Order these stages of development from greatest plasticity to least plasticity. - Early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, adulthood The age at which a human brain has the most connections between its neurons is: - 3 How do experiences shape the developing brain? - They influence which neural connections are strengthened and which are pruned away At what stage of development do negative experiences influence the architecture of the developing brain? - At any stage of development Most traits and diseases in humans are derived from: - The interaction between genes and environmental influences Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic effect? - An environmental factor modifies the area surrounding a gene such that its expression decreases Which of the following outcomes is NOT related to the quality of parental care a child receives? - Manual dexterity Which gene has been shown to be epigenetically modified by the quality of maternal care in rat offspring? - The glucocorticoid receptor gene What happens to the stress response system when the glucocorticoid receptor gene is epigenetically modified such that it is less active and produces fewer receptors? - The stress response increases What pre-existing condition(s) are associated with epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in victims of suicide? - Childhood maltreatment What two hormones are involved in initiating our response to stress? - Cortisol and adrenalin Which of the following is a function of cortisol's activity during stress? - Shuts down cortisol release Which of the answers below correctly identifies the brain structures involved in mediating our responses to stress? - pre-frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary gland Which of the following answers best describes the difference between tolerable stress and toxic stress in a child? - Tolerable stress is buffered by supportive adult relationships but toxic stress is not What is the most common source of childhood toxic stress in western countries? -