ATI CBC Level 2 Test Correct Questions
and Answers!!
what does pH tell you - ANSWER the expression of the balance between carbon
dioxide and bicarbonate
what causes a lower pH in the body - ANSWER the greater the concentration of
hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids
what causes a higher pH in the body - ANSWER the lower the concentration of
hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids
hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANSWER causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANSWER causes an increase in hydrogen ions
normal pH for the blood - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
what causes respiratory acidosis - ANSWER hypoventilation
what causes hypoventilation - ANSWER - respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER - tachycardia (severe is bradycardia),
tachypnea, hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
- ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
- pale or cyanotic
nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis - ANSWER - oxygen therapy
- maintain patent airway
- positioning and breathing techniques
what causes respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER hyperventilation
what causes hyperventilation - ANSWER - fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive
mechanical ventilation
- hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia
lab values for respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER PaCO2: less than 35
,pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: less than 24
lab values for respiratory acidosis - ANSWER PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: greater than 28
manifestations of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER - tachypnea
- inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
- tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- rapid deep respirations
nursing care for respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER - oxygen therapy
- anxiety reduction interventions
- rebreathing techniques
what causes metabolic acidosis - ANSWER - diabetic ketoacidosis
- starvation
- heavy exercise, seizure activity, hypoxia
- liver failure
- diarrhea
lab values for metabolic acidosis - ANSWER pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: less than 24
PaCO2: greater than 35
manifestations of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER - dysrhythmias
- bradycardia, weak pulses, hypotension, tachypnea
- headache, drowsiness, confusion
- rapid deep respirations (kussmaul)
causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER - oral ingestion of excess amount of antacids
- blood transfusions, TPN
- prolonged vomiting, NG suction
lab values for metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: greater than 28
PaCO2: greater than 45
manifestations of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER - tachycardia, hypotensive
- atrial tachycardia
- numbness, tingling, tetany, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, confusion
- depressed skeletal muscles resulting in ineffective breathing
how to determine the type of imbalance - ANSWER - look at pH first (less than 7.35
acidosis, greater than 7.45 alkalosis)
, - look at PaCO2 and HCO3
a nurse is caring for a client admitted with confusion and lethargy. the client was found
at home unresponsive with an empty bottle of aspirin lying next to her bed. Vital signs
reveal blood pressure 104/72, HR 116, RR 42 and deep, which of the following should
the nurse expect?
A. pH 7.68
PaCo2 38
HCO3 28
B. pH 7.48
PaCO2 28
HCO3 23
C. pH 6.98
PaCO2 30
HCO3 18 - ANSWER C.
a nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hours. the
nurse should expect which of the following acid-base imbalances to result from vomiting
for 24 hours?
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER D.
A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about conditions related to metabolic
acidosis. which of the following statements by a unit nurse indicates the teaching has
been effective
a. metabolic acidosis can occur due to diabetic ketoacidosis
b. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has myasthenia gravis
c. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has asthma
d. metabolic acidosis can occur due to cancer - ANSWER A
a nurse is assessing a client who has pancreatitis. the client's arterial blood gases
reveal metabolic acidosis. which of the following are expected findings?
a. tachycardia
b. hypertension
c. bounding pulses
d. hyperreflexia
e. dysrhythmia
f. tachypnea - ANSWER E, F
and Answers!!
what does pH tell you - ANSWER the expression of the balance between carbon
dioxide and bicarbonate
what causes a lower pH in the body - ANSWER the greater the concentration of
hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids
what causes a higher pH in the body - ANSWER the lower the concentration of
hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids
hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANSWER causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANSWER causes an increase in hydrogen ions
normal pH for the blood - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
what causes respiratory acidosis - ANSWER hypoventilation
what causes hypoventilation - ANSWER - respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER - tachycardia (severe is bradycardia),
tachypnea, hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
- ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
- pale or cyanotic
nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis - ANSWER - oxygen therapy
- maintain patent airway
- positioning and breathing techniques
what causes respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER hyperventilation
what causes hyperventilation - ANSWER - fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive
mechanical ventilation
- hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia
lab values for respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER PaCO2: less than 35
,pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: less than 24
lab values for respiratory acidosis - ANSWER PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: greater than 28
manifestations of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER - tachypnea
- inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
- tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- rapid deep respirations
nursing care for respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER - oxygen therapy
- anxiety reduction interventions
- rebreathing techniques
what causes metabolic acidosis - ANSWER - diabetic ketoacidosis
- starvation
- heavy exercise, seizure activity, hypoxia
- liver failure
- diarrhea
lab values for metabolic acidosis - ANSWER pH: less than 7.35
HCO3: less than 24
PaCO2: greater than 35
manifestations of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER - dysrhythmias
- bradycardia, weak pulses, hypotension, tachypnea
- headache, drowsiness, confusion
- rapid deep respirations (kussmaul)
causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER - oral ingestion of excess amount of antacids
- blood transfusions, TPN
- prolonged vomiting, NG suction
lab values for metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER pH: greater than 7.45
HCO3: greater than 28
PaCO2: greater than 45
manifestations of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER - tachycardia, hypotensive
- atrial tachycardia
- numbness, tingling, tetany, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, confusion
- depressed skeletal muscles resulting in ineffective breathing
how to determine the type of imbalance - ANSWER - look at pH first (less than 7.35
acidosis, greater than 7.45 alkalosis)
, - look at PaCO2 and HCO3
a nurse is caring for a client admitted with confusion and lethargy. the client was found
at home unresponsive with an empty bottle of aspirin lying next to her bed. Vital signs
reveal blood pressure 104/72, HR 116, RR 42 and deep, which of the following should
the nurse expect?
A. pH 7.68
PaCo2 38
HCO3 28
B. pH 7.48
PaCO2 28
HCO3 23
C. pH 6.98
PaCO2 30
HCO3 18 - ANSWER C.
a nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hours. the
nurse should expect which of the following acid-base imbalances to result from vomiting
for 24 hours?
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER D.
A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about conditions related to metabolic
acidosis. which of the following statements by a unit nurse indicates the teaching has
been effective
a. metabolic acidosis can occur due to diabetic ketoacidosis
b. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has myasthenia gravis
c. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has asthma
d. metabolic acidosis can occur due to cancer - ANSWER A
a nurse is assessing a client who has pancreatitis. the client's arterial blood gases
reveal metabolic acidosis. which of the following are expected findings?
a. tachycardia
b. hypertension
c. bounding pulses
d. hyperreflexia
e. dysrhythmia
f. tachypnea - ANSWER E, F
