Chapter 3: Program Planning Models in Health Promotion fully solved 2023/2024

Chapter 3: Program Planning Models in Health PromotionIntroduction - correct answer - Responsibilities and competencies for health education specialists: area II plan health education promotion. - Health promotion programs are the product of coordinated effort and are usually based on systemic planning model or approach. - Generalized Model used to teach principles of planning and evaluation emphasized in most planning models. Simple composite of what is represented in most, if not all other models. Both a teaching model and framework for professional practice. planning models - correct answer visual representations and descriptions of steps or phases in the planning process are the means by which structure and organization are given to the successful development and delivery of health promotion programs Generalized Model - correct answer Five basic phases or steps: 1. assessing needs 2. setting goals and objectives 3. developing interventions 4. implementing interventions 5. evaluating results - Pre-planning is a quasi-phase in the model but is not included formally since the actions occur before the planning. assessing needs - correct answer process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the health needs of a population and includes setting priorities and selecting a priority population setting goals and objectives - correct answer identifies what will be accomplished developing interventions - correct answer are the means by which the goals and objectives will be achieved; how goals and objectives will be achieved implementing interventions - correct answer process of putting interventions into action evaluating results - correct answer improving quality (formative evaluation) and determining effectiveness (summative evaluation) Evidence-based Planning Framework for Public Health - correct answer - Developed by Ross Brownson. This framework very similar to most planning models like the Generalized Model. - Seven phases: community assessment, quantifying the issue, developing a concise statement of the issue, determining what is known using scientific literature, developing and prioritizing program and policy options, developing an action plan and implementing interventions, and evaluating the program and policy - Phase 1 and 2 is the needs assessment. - Most planning models are composed of the same basic elements. phase 1: community assessment - correct answer - Requires to understand the community context (characteristics and circumstances that define the community) and the health concerns of community members and how to implement programs most effectively to them. - Requires collecting new data, community audits (documenting observations about the community), involves organizing and examining existing data. phase 2: quantifying the issue - correct answer - Process of using descriptive epidemiology (occurrence and distribution of disease by person, place, and time) from surveillance systems and other secondary data sets to analyze and display disease frequencies.