Neuro Exam 1 USAHS (2023/2024) Rated A+

Neuro Exam 1 USAHS (2023/2024) Rated A+ Apraxia inability to make a motor plan, as a result of brain damage. Ataxia lack of muscle coordination Aphasia impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). 1 olfactory Making client smell something pleasant front of brain 2 optic thalamus - test visual acuity (Snellen chart, or # of fingers) front of brain 3 Oculomotor thalamus - looking up, in and left to right midbrain 4 Trochlear midbrain - cross eyes into nose 5. Trigeminal pons - - Dull vs light sensation in: Opthalmic (forehead) Maxillary (Cheek)Mandibular (Jawline) - Have the patient open and close mouth (feel around temporomandibular joint) 6 Abducens pons- looking laterally (left and right) 7 Facial controls most facial expressions secretion of tears & saliva taste pons - Test facial symmetry - Taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue - smile - wrinkle forehead 8 Vestibulocochlear hearing and equilibrium pons (acoustic) - Whisper test - Rinne Test - Weber Test 9 Glossopharyngeal medulla - Gag reflex- Taste on posterior 1/3 of the tongue - not gagging is a sign of lesion 10 Vagus medulla - - Say "aah" - Talk to see if uvula deviates to one side 11 Spinal Accessory controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements spinal cord - shoulder shrug against resistance medulla 12 Hypoglossal medulla - stick tongue straight out - will deviate if there is a lesion Somatosensory pathways - Posterior column pathways: Proprioception, vibration, fine touch Primary afferent sensory information is coming in from the dorsal roots then travels to the ipsilateral white matter columns and ascends all the way to dorsal column nuclei in the medulla then it will synapse onto a second sensory neuron that crosses over to the other side of the medulla and that axon will continue to ascend now on the contralateral synapse on the thalamus will then project up to the primary somatosensory cortex. Somatosensory pathways- Anterolateral pathways: Pain and Temperature Sensory information comes in through dorsal root ganglia to the spinal cord and crosses over to the other side of the spinal cord, and go up to the thalamus and then go to the primary sensory cortex thalamus (relay station). Main motor pathways - Corticospinal tract Begins mainly in the primary motor cortex (4), where neuron cell bodies project via axons down through the cerebral white matter and brain stem to reach the spinal cord. In the medulla. The majority of fibers in the tract (85%) cross over to control movement of the opposite side of the body (Pyramidal decussation) occurs at the junction between the medulla and spinal cord. Lesions occurring above the pyramidal decussation produce contralateral weakness with respect to the lesion, while lesions below the pyramidal decussation will produce ipsilateral weakness