APEA 3P EXAM PREP3 NEPHROLOGY QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

APEA 3P EXAM PREP3 NEPHROLOGY QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS A 73-year-old male patient reports that he is experiencing a weakened urinary stream, urinary frequency, and urgency. He is waking up once or twice nightly to urinate. How should the nurse practitioner proceed? Digital rectal exam (DRE) only DRE, urinalysis, PSA PSA only PSA, DRE, BUN, Cr Many tests can be used to evaluate an older patient with suspected benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The value of digital rectal exam (DRE) is to evaluate the size, consistency and assess for malignancy of the prostate gland. Urinalysis is done to detect blood or infection, but hematuria is common in patients with BPH. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) is done as a screening test for prostate cancer in symptomatic men. This patient has multiple symptoms which could indicate pathology in the prostate gland as the etiology of his symptoms (weakened urinary stream, urinary frequency and urgency, and nocturia). A serum creatinine can be part of the initial screening. This would help identify bladder outlet obstruction, renal, or pre-renal disease. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is not necessary to evaluate this patient's symptoms. Ciprofloxacin given to treat a urinary tract infection would be contraindicated in a: pregnant patient. 19-year-old female. patient with hypertension. patient with pyelonephritis. Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic and is contraindicated in patients who are pregnant or younger than 18 years old because of potential problems with bone and cartilage formation. There is no contraindication in a patient with hypertension. A quinolone might be a good choice in a patient with pyelonephritis and would not be contraindicated. An example of a drug that targets the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a(n): ACE inhibitor. beta blocker. calcium channel blocker. diuretic. Examples of drugs that target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). These drugs are particularly beneficial to patients with diabetic nephropathy because they may prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, these agents lower blood pressure, which has been shown to be renoprotective. Management of glucose levels and hypertension is especially important in preventing diabetic nephropathy, but so is aggressive management of hyperlipidemia. Testicular torsion can produce: penile erythema. scrotal edema. scrotal erythema. penile edema. Testicular torsion is an emergency because the testicle is deprived of normal blood supply. If blood supply is not reestablished within 12 hours, irreversible damage is certain to occur. Ideally, ischemia is resolved within 4-6 hours. The penis is not affected during testicular torsion. Besides testicular torsion, epididymitis, trauma, and an inguinal hernia are other common causes of scrotal pain.