GCSE History Edexcel 9‐1 Revision & application guide for Paper 3 – Modern Depth Study Option 31 – Weimar & Nazi Germany

Content Revised (y/n) 1 Germany 1918 – page 2 2 What was the Kaiser like – page 3 3 Impact of WW1 – p4 4 What did the Treaty do to Germany – p5 5 Why did the Germans hate the Treaty – p6 6 German reaction to Treaty of Versailles – p8 7 Weimar Republic introduction – p9 8 Setting up the Weimar Republic – constitution etc – p10 9 Left vs Right – p11 10 Did the T of V ruin the chance for Ebert / Weimar to succeed? 11 Crisis for Weimar – occupation of Ruhr – p13 12 Hyperinflation – p14 13 Life during the Great Inflation – p15 14 Munich Putsch 1923 – p16 15 Early development of the Nazi Party – p22 16 How far did the Weimar Republic recover 1924‐29 – p25 17 The Great Depression 1929‐32 – p30 18 How did Hitler rise to power by 1933 – p31 19 How did Hitler become Chancellor – p33 20 How did Hitler become Fuhrer – p37 21 Night of the Long Knives – p38 22 How did the Nazis control people – p40 23 How did the Nazis control people part 2 – propaganda – p43 24 Opposition to the Nazis 1933‐39 – p44 25 Nazi policy towards women – p46 26 How important were young people to the Nazis a933‐39 – p50 27 What were Hitler’s economic policies? P57 28 Persecution of minorities – p59 GCSE History Edexcel 9‐1 Revision & application guide for Paper 3 – Modern Depth Study Option 31 – Weimar & Nazi GermanyRevision content 1 – Germany 1918 – what was Germany like during WW1? Information to revise… • Germany was created in 1871. • It was a new united country which became known as The Reich (Empire). • It was strongly based on the military (army) and wanted to be the best and most powerful country. The people were proud and determined to be stronger. • Germany wanted a new Empire – after all other European countries had huge Empires which made them rich. • The new Germany was ruled by The Kaiser (King/Emperor). • It also had a Parliament called The Reichstag which advised him and could make laws. • From 1888 Germany was ruled by Kaiser Wilhelm II who was an ambitious and aggressive ruler – he admired and wanted to copy GB. • Germany started out as friends with GB but became rivals because they wanted to copy them. Memory & Recall Questions to have a go at… 1. Why might being ruled by someone like the Kaiser cause problems for Germany when it became the Weimar Republic? 2. How might the new national pride of Germans cause resentment to the Treaty of Versailles when it was signed in 1919? 2Revision content 2 – What was The Kaiser like? ‐ Germany 1918‐ 1939… Information to revise… • He became leader unexpectedly – lots of pressure on him. • He was ambitious and intelligent. • He was obsessed with the military. • He was especially obsessed with making Germany as powerful as GB. • He did not like people who disagreed with him & he ruled in a very strict authoritarian way. • He expected everyone to be loyal and to obey him. • Leaders of other countries were genuinely worried about his obsession with the navy, army and even with war!!! Questions to have a go at… 1. Why might the allies want to blame the Kaiser at the end of WW1? 2. If the Kaiser left Germany would it be easy to replace him? 3. Why would getting the new Weimar Republic to sign the Treaty of Versailles be a problem for them? Who should have signed it? 3Revision content 3 – What impact did WW1 have on Germany? ‐ Germany 1918‐1939… Information to revise… • In Spring 1918 the Germans must have felt they were winning the war – they had beaten Russia and were attacking in the West.. • The German army made one last big push to win and were persuading their people that they were winning!!! • By June 1918 the German military were exhausted as their attack organised by Ludendorff slowed and stopped. • August 1918 – the Allies counter attacked. • Sept 1918 – it looked like Germany was losing BUT most Germans refused to accept this at home. • When Germany surrendered it was very weak • Politically weak – the Kaiser abdicated (ran away) and left a weak Reichstag (Parliament) to pick up the pieces. • Economically – farming was disrupted and G was not producing as much food as she needed e.g. 50% of the milk. 750,000 Germans died of hunger and disease in the war due to the naval blockade of Germany. • Socially – Germany was weakened – a proud and confident people looked for someone to blame for the defeat. • Socially, Politically & Economically – ex‐soldiers went home and joined protests against the government or against the end to the war!!! Questions to have a go at… 1. Why do you think the Germans found it difficult to accept defeat at the end of WW1? 2. What were the effects of losing the war on Germany? 3. How “unstable” was Germany after WW1? 4. Why might an unstable Germany be a problem for the future? 5. What was dolchstoss – how would belief in this be a problem for the new Weimar Republic? 4Revision content 4 – What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany? ‐ Germany 1918‐1939… Information to revise… B = Blame – Article 231 of The T of V blamed G for the war and all of the damage – G felt this was unfair – GB & Fr wanted revenge on G for the suffering in the war & it was popular at home to want to punish the Germans. R = Reparations – 1921 a commission said £6600million to be paid – the T of V also took 10% of industry and 15% of farmland – it would be difficult for G to pay it back – especially as they had lost the war!!! A = Army / Armed Forces – no air force – army limited to 100,000, Navy limited to 6 battleships and 15,000 sailors. The Rhineland would also be occupied by GB & Fr for 15 years. This was humiliating. T = Territory – Germany lost 13% of its land and approx 6m of its people. Alsace – Lorraine given back to F. West Prussia & Posen given to Poland. Eupen/Malmedy given to Belgium. Saarland given to League of Nations for 15 years. Questions to have a go at… 1. How do you think different people such as widows, businessmen a