GENERAL ANATOMY (NBCE) – 148 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+.

Limb Bud rotation: 90 degrees lateral= 90 degrees medial= lateral= arms (arms stick out) medial= legs (legs go straight down) Planes of the body: What plane divides the body in A-P? R-L? S-I? A-P= Coronal/ Frontal R-L= Sagittal/ median S-I= Transverse/ horizontal Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Stages of Mitosis: Cell division results in what? 2 daughter cells Interphase= resting Histology: There are 8 types of tissue: Simple squamous: Stratified squamous: Simple Cuboidal: Simple squamous: -general purpose: air and fluid diffusion -location: alveoli, capillaries, blood and lymph vessels -notes: thinnest cells, therefore easiest for diffusion Stratified Squamous: -general purpose: areas of high friction -location: keratenized (skin), non keratenized (oral cavity, anal cavity, vagina, and esophagus) -notes: "if you are satisfied then you are stratified" Simple Cuboidal: -Secretory cells -Kidney, tubules, glands and digestive tract, choroid plexus -CSF production, ependymal cells, follicular and parafollicular cells of thyroid Stratified cuboidal: secretory sweat glands transitional: stretch bladder urinary bladder, ureters, kidneys allows expansion simple columnar: absorption stomach, smal and large intestine, glands easy absorption Stratified columnar: reproductive tract uterus (NOT vagina) Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar: respiratory tract entire pulmonary tract: nasal mucosa-> terminal bronchiole. exception= alveoli Macrophage Cells: in lung? in liver? in brain? in skin? lung- dust cells liver- kupffer brain- microglia skin- langerhan Tissue types: What type of tissue has lymph nodes and spleen? Reticular tissue Skin: Which layer is found only in the thickened areas of feet and palms? Straitum lucidum List the 2 layers dermis: papillary dermis reticular dermis Tongue Anatomy: List Extrinsic mm's of tongue: Palatoglossus Styloglossus Hyoglossus Genioglossus Palatoglossus is innervated by: Styloglossus: Hyoglossus: Genioglossus: CN X CNXII CNXII CNXII (depresses) Taste Buds of the Tongue: Which is the largest and fewest? Which is the smallest and most numerous? Which is located on the sides of the tongue? Circumvallate Filiform Foliate Taste on Tongue: Sweet: Salty: Sour: Bitter: anterior anterolateral poterolateral posterior Tonsils: List the 3 parts of the Rings of Waldeyer: Palatine, Lingual, and Pharyngeal Adenoids: Where is the Naso-pharynx opening of auditory tube? Torus Tubaris What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? CNV 3 (mandibular) List the 4 muscles of Mastication: Temporalis Masseter Internal/ medial pterygoid External/ lateral pterygoid Anterior Triangles: List the boundaries and contents of the Carotid triangle: boundaries: SCM, posterior digastric, omohyoid- superior belly contents: internal jugular vein, and Vagus nerve Laryngeal Cartilages: List the 3 Single (unpaired) Cartilages: Cricoid Epiglottis Thyroid What level is Cricoid located? C6 What level is Thyroid located? C4-5 Laryngeal Cartilages: List the 3 Paired Cartilages: Arytenoids Corniculates Cuneiforms Which of the paired cartilages attaches vocal cords? Arytenoids What is responsible for voice production? Glottis (refers to vocal cords) Vocal Cords: Which of the vocal cords is abduction? Which is relax/ shorten? abduction= posterior cricoarytenoids relax/ shorten= Thyroarytenoids Thoracic Cage: What is the "Superior Thoracic aperture", continuous with root of neck, opening for nerves and blood vessels supplying head neck and arms? Thoracic inlet What is the "Inferior Thoracic Aperture" T11-12 diaphragm closes off. Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. T11-12= gastro-esophogeal junction Thoracic outlet Where is where esophagus meets greater curvature of stomach? Cardiac notch What types of muscle make up Esophagus? mix of smooth and striated Diaphragm: From superior to inferior and anterior to posterior list the 3: I Eat Apples IVC= T8, Anterior, pierces central tendon of diaphragm Esophagus= T10, Middle, transmits Vagus nerve Aorta= T12, Posterior, transmits the thoracic duct and azygous vein Ligaments of the Diaphragm: What is derived from psoas fascia? What is derived from Quadratus Lumborum fascia? Medial arcuate ligament Lateral arcuate ligament Omentum: Describe the 2 types: Greater Omentum= connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon. Greater sac behind Greater Omentum Lesser Omentum= connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver. Lesser sac behind Lesser Omentum Retroperitoneal Organs: List the 2 most important ones: Kidneys and Aorta Lungs: Which lung has arterial impression? Left lung Which lung has venous impression? Right lung Fissures of Lungs: Which lung has a horizontal fissure at 4th rib anteriorly and T6 posteriorly? Right lung look at page 8 top of page. Heart: What is the smooth space between openings of IVC and SVC? Sinus Venarum Where is Crista Terminalis located? Right atrium What is the term for muscular ridges in atria? Musculi pectinei aka Pectinate Muscle What is the remnant of foramen ovale? Fossa Ovalis Heart: What is the thickest part of the heart? What is the tendinous strands attached to papillary mm and valve cusps: prevents eversion of AV valves? Left ventricle Chordae tendinae Heart: What are the mm ridges in ventricles? Where is the Moderator band located? Trabeculae Carinae Right ventricle What are the 2 main Arteries on the heart? Left and Right Coronary List the 3 branches off Left Coronary Artery: Muscular branch Anterior Interventricular Circumflex artery List the 3 branches off Right Coronary Artery: Muscular branch Posterior interventricular Marginal artery Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves: Which one wraps around arch of Aorta? Which one wraps around RIGHT subclavian artery? Left Recurrent Laryngeal RIGHT Recurrent Laryngeal Stomach: Which part of the stomach makes contact with Esophagus? Which part of the stomach is the location of Carcinoma? Which part of the stomach is the highest? Cardiac region of stomach Lesser curvature of stomach Fundic region of stomach