PSYC 201 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Quantitative approach - CORRECT ANSWER-Numeric values, quantitative statistics, lab-based, factual, constructs pre-determined, high internal validity, limitations with what you can do with numbers Qualitative research - CORRECT ANSWER-Non-numeric data (language or images), non-statistical analysis, real world (high external validity), context-specific, participant perspectives and experiences, behaviour based on emergent themes Which one uses more participants, quantitative or qualitative - CORRECT ANSWER-Qualitative, but gets more in depth info Why use qualitative methods - CORRECT ANSWER-Broad research questions, in depth, sensitive topics, more details, can clarify quantitative research and lead to hypothesis Mixed methods research - CORRECT ANSWER-Use both quantitative and qualitative approaches, usually quantitative to generate hypothesis and quantitative to test hypothesis, or use triangulation Triangulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques simultaneously to evaluate whether they lead to same conclusion Qualitative and quantitative methods can and should be... - CORRECT ANSWER-Complementary (mixed methods, triangulation) participant observation - CORRECT ANSWER-a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities participatory research methods advantages - CORRECT ANSWER-collaborative (researcher and participant work together), amplify marginalized voices, address social power and privilege, re-frames who is an expert grounded theory - CORRECT ANSWER-an inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories in which to place data and then looking for relationships among categories (theory is developed based on collected data, repeated ideas are identified and theoretical narrative is developed) two main strategies for analysis of qualitative data - CORRECT ANSWER-inductive (bottom-up): data framed analysis, analysis influences theory deductive (top-down): analysis framed by theory, theory influences analysis inductive (bottom-up) approach is usually _____ research whereas deductive (top-down) approach is usually ______ research - CORRECT ANSWER-qualitative ; quantitative pros and cons qualitative approaches - CORRECT ANSWER-pros: high external validity, reflexivity (results influenced by experimenter presence) cons: low internal validity, has to use triangulation (has to make sure data adds up), member-checking/response validation (re-contact participants to make sure results are right) how is data integrity ensured in qualitative research - CORRECT ANSWER-referencing of methods, extensive/prolonged engagement, triangulation, member-checking, debrief of participants, ethics approval looking at philosophical science, quantitative research uses _____ whereas qualitative uses______ - CORRECT ANSWER-realism (only one reality) ; critical realism (multiple realities but similarities between them) ontology - CORRECT ANSWER-nature of reality epistemology - CORRECT ANSWER-study of knowledge (what is legitimate knowledge and what is a legitimate way to obtain it) positivist - CORRECT ANSWER-deductive (top-down) interpretive - CORRECT ANSWER-inductive (bottom-up) situated analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-examining topic while it is embedded within its naturally occurring context, "pure" (high external validity) holistic analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-examining how numerous properties contribute to patterns within larger and more complex system, variety of smaller pieces fit togehter case study - CORRECT ANSWER-comprehensive description of specific organization, group, or person studied over period of time that contains info from variety of sources focus group - CORRECT ANSWER-a data collection format where several participants, typically strangers, gather together to discuss a topic phenomenological approach - CORRECT ANSWER-approach that seeks to understand a human experience and the meaning of experiences based on how those involved view that situation archival data - CORRECT ANSWER-data that have already been collected in a naturally occurring setting, such as newspapers, health records, or social media types of case studies - CORRECT ANSWER-collective (multiple case study comparisons), explanatory (case study focusing on why intervention produces certain outcome), exploratory (case study seeks to outline potential outcomes of intervention), instrumental, descriptive, intrinsic interview pros and cons - CORRECT ANSWER-pros: allows building of relationship, greater control over wording, ability to ask follow-up questions cons: artificial and contrived format structured interview - CORRECT ANSWER-predetermined questions, standardized and fixed order unstructured interview - CORRECT ANSWER-no planned questions or order of topics, conversational semistructured interview - CORRECT ANSWER-some questions and the order are preplanned, but the interviewer remains flexible to