OPOTA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 LATEST UPDATE

Graham v. Connor Objective Reasonableness Standard Miranda v. Arizona You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. Anything you say may be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present Terry v. Ohio Reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot and that the person may be armed Explain the relationship between a Student Performance Objective (SPO) and a test question. A test question may respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test question. Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training To be able to protect the life and property of yourself and the public List a peace officer's main goals - Enforce laws - Preserve the peace - Prevent crimes - Protect civil rights and liberties - Provide services Explain items to consider when exercising discretion - Use sound judgment to determine which laws are to be formally enforced. - Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest or citation Explain the factors necessary for the commission of a crime (i.e., the Crime Triangle) Desire Victim Opportunity State the core concepts of community policing - A partnership between the police and the community - Crime prevention - Organizational change of the agency - A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive Recognize considerations for off duty situations Behavior Situational awareness Be a good witness if a situation arises when police intervention is necessary SARA Scan Analyze Respond Assess Identify the purpose of any code of ethics or code of conduct To identify expected behavior Explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of peace officers Ethical responsibilities are owed to - Your community and its citizens - The law enforcement profession - Your agency - Your family - Yourself - maintain your self-respect Includes treating everyone professionally Require that you NEVER - Allow cynicism (i.e., doubt) to cloud your view of the people who you serve - Use excessive physical force when controlling combative individuals - Accept gratuities (e.g., free lunch, free cup of coffee, money, sexual favors), which can compromise impartiality - Commit perjury Determine external influences on behavior - Relationships with friends and family - Local citizens - Local media - Department regulations - Inter-departmental politics - Police subculture- one of the strongest influencers on ethical behavior Police subculture Sense of community Fidelity/ loyalty "us versus them" mentality can become stronger than allegiance to - Family - Agency mission - Mission of the profession Length of exposure to the socialization Determine internal influences on behavior (Internal causes of behavior) Officers own ethical and moral beliefs Internal rationalizations made prior or after misconduct Argue that violated party deserved to be victimized Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Argue that the action did not hurt anyone, so no ethical misconduct Social weighting - Officer makes select social comparisons to justify the unethical conduct - Minimize his/ her participation in the unethical behavior by saying that another officer is worse Moral justification Noble cause corruption A mindset or sub-culture that fosters a belief that ends justify the means - corruption is justified to get the "bad guys" off the street Explain the Continuum of Compromise Being exposed on a regular basis to "special authority" and at the same time being exposed on a daily basis to that element of society that operates without values, combines to severely challenge an officer's core values system Describe what is an ethical dilemma a situation in which the officer did not know what the right course of action was, or the course of action the officer considered right was too difficult to do, or the wrong course of action was tempting Describe what the common conditions under which an ethical dilemma can occur. - A means and the end result have good and bad aspects, such as using force to extort information from a suspect (i.e., bad) in order to prevent crime of violence or save a life (i.e. good) - An officer is confronted with expectations that are incompatible with his/ her own beliefs - An officer comes to believe that others have different expectations of how one should act - An officer learns that others have different expectations of how one should act - An officer believes his/ her role includes expectations which may be contradictory or incompatible with the role that has been established from him/ her Define common areas in which unethical acts occur Corrupt Activity Falsifying reports Sexual harassment and other sexual misconduct Alcohol usage Drugs Free food and gratuities Explain the steps in the decision making model Step 1 Define the problem, being aware that how you define the problem determines where you will look for solutions. Step 2 Identify alternative solutions to address the problem - at a minimum, three and, ideally more than five Step 3 Evaluate the identified alternatives - list the pros and cons of each; Step 4 - Make the decision Step 5 - Implement the decision Step 6 - Evaluate the decision Application of PLUS filters PLUS filters defined - P = Policies: Is it consistent with my agency's policies and procedures? - L = Legal: Is the action lawful? - U = Universal: Does it conform to the universal principles and values of my agency? - S = Self: Does it align with my beliefs of what is right, good, and fair? PLUS filters should be applied at each of the following steps of the decision making model - Step 1 (i.e., define the problem) - doe the existing situation violate any PLUS considerations? - Step 3 (i.e., evaluate alternative solutions) - do the alternatives resolve or create any PLUS considerations and, if so, are the ethical trade- offs acceptable - Step 6 (i.e., evaluate the decision) - does the solution resolve all PLUS considerations, or were unintended or unforeseen PLUS considerations created? Identify the four primary firearms safety rules - Treat all firearms as if they are loaded - Never point a firearm at anything you don't want to shoot or destroy - Keep your finger off the trigger until you have made a conscience decision to shoot - Be aware of your backstop and beyond Explain the cycle of fire Fire, Unlock, Extract, Eject, Cock, Feed, Chamber, Lock