UCLA OPERATIONS EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE GRADED A

UCLA OPERATIONS EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE GRADED A List some medical conditions or pathogens which would make the EMT don an N95 mask. Tuberculosis or airborne communicable diseases List some conditions which would make the EMT don a face shield When you need to protect your eyes from blood body fluids. Foreign objects, plants, insects, and debris. Describe the proper hand washing techniques. When washing hands rub your hands together for at least 20 seconds to work up a lather. Play attention to fingernails, between fingers and back of the hands. List the steps in preparing for your shift and describe your responsibilities as an EMT Must protect patient from harm and deliver excellent medical care. Describe the safe driving habits while responding in an ambulance with lights and sirens. · Select the shortest and least congested rout e to the scene at the time of dispatch · Avoid routes with heavy traffic congestion; know alternative routes to each hospital during rush hour · Avoid one-way streets; they may become clogged. Do not go against the flow of traffic on a one-way street, unless absolutely necessary · Watch carefully for bystanders as you approach the scene. Curiosity seeks rarely move out of the way · Park the ambulance in a safe place once you arrive at the scene. If you park facing into traffic, turn off your headlights so they do not blind on coming motorists unless they are needed to illuminate the scene. If the vehicle is blocking part of the road, keep on your warning lights to alert oncoming motorists · Drive within the speed limit while transporting patients, except in the rare extreme emergency · Go with the flow of the traffic · Always drive defensively · Always maintain a safe following distance. Use the "4-second rule": stay at least 4 seconds behind another vehicle in the same lane · Maintain an open space or cushion in the lane next you as an escape route in case the vehicle in front of you stops suddenly · Use your siren if you turn on the emergency lights · Always assume other drivers will not hear the siren or see your emergency light · Always exercise due regard for person and property Explain the process for approaching a school bus in an ambulance with lights and sirens An emergency vehicle is never allowed to pass a school bus that has stopped to load or unload children and is displaying its flashing red lights or extended "stop arm" Should turn off sirens and wait till flashing lights are off Describe the type of patient who would benefit from helicopter transport Patients with time dependent injuries and illnesses. Ex: stroke, heart attack, spinal cord, scuba diving incidents, near drowning, skiing and wilderness accidents, trauma patients candidates for limb replacements, burn center, hyperbolic chamber List techniques to improve radio communication Organize radio communication before pushing the transmit button Accurate patient report Ensure a clear frequency before speaking Wait 1 second before speaking Clear, calm, and monotone voice Keep it brief and use clear text Don't say please, thank you, and you're welcome Use affirmative and negative instead of yes or no Say over when finished transmitting Do not provide diagnosis List the components which are assessed during scene size up Gain big picture perspective of the call, determine whether it is safe to proceed, are additional resources needed, and identify the initial approach to mitigate the emergency List the resources an EMT has to help identify an unknown hazardous material Place cards can tell you if there is hazardous materials around and a hazardous material team can be called to help out Describe additional resources which may be required to assist the EMS provider Firefighters, utility workers, hazardous materials technicians, and law enforcement personel Discuss the importance of patient management at the scene of a crime and how the EMT would go about moving items found at the crime scene Have to be careful about moving items found on a crime scene. CPR and Appropriate treatment must be given unless obvious signs of death Explain some scene findings which would make the EMT think there was the presence of a weapon of mass destruction Type of Location- temple? Large Gathering? Special Events? Type of Call- report of explosion or suspicious device nearby? Reports of people fleeing the scene? Number of Patients- Multiple victims with similar symptoms? Victims' Statements- What are victims saying?(Ex: everyone is passing out) Preincident indicators- credible threats? Increase in violent political activism? Describe the steps of the primary assessment including treatment that would need to be taken. A-Airway-> should be open and patent. If unconsious fix asap B-Breathing-> Rate(respiratory rate), Rhythm(should have an equal rhythm), and quality(difficulty breathing)C-Circulation-> Pulse(B), Skin Parameters (color, texture, and moisture) List the order of operations when arriving on scene and assessing a patient Scene Size-up à Primary Assessment à History Taking à Secondary Assessment: Medical or Trauma à Reassessment Describe the proper technique for lifting and moving a patient Power Lift · Tighten your back in its normal upright position, and use abs to lock it in a slight curve · Spread legs apart about 15in and bend legs to lower torso and arms · With arms extended down each side of the body, grasp the stretcher with your hands held palm up and just in front of the plane described by the anterior torso and imaginary lines extending vertically from it to the ground · Adjust your orientation and position until the weight is balanced and cerntered between both arms · Reposition your feet make sure they are flat and do not bend more than 90 deg an do not extend past your toes · With the arms extended downward lift by straightening your legs until you are fully standing. Make sure your back is held upright and that your upper body comes up before your hips List the criteria for a rapid extrication of a patient · The vehicle or scene is unsafe · Explosives or other hazardous materials are on the scene · There is a fire or a danger fire · The patient cannot be properly assessed before being removed from the vehicle · The patient needs immediate intervention that requires a supine position · The patient has a life-threatening condition that requires rapid transport to the hospital · The patient blocks your access to another seriously injured patient Describe the process for making patient contact when the patient is in a vehicle and the doors cannot be opened Should break a side mirror with a spring-loaded window breaker Explain the proper place to dispose of a sharps · Do not recap, break, or bend needles. Even the most careful providers may expose themselves through an accidental needlestick · Dispose of all sharp items that have been in contact with human secretions in approved, closed, rigid containers List the types of restraints and the proper use of them when providing patient care Types of Restraints: triangle bandages, roller gauze, commercially available disposable restraints, and leather restraints. Correctable causes for combativeness must be identified List the criteria for not providing any interventions or CPR in a patient Rigor mortis- stiffening of the body after death Dependent lividity- discoloration of the skin caused by the pooling of blood Putrefaction-decomposition of body tissues Evidence of nonsurvivable injury, such as decapitation, dismemberment, or being burned beyond recognition Define a Do Not Resuscitate Order, who might have one, and how it impacts the care provided by an EMT Advance directive that allows you to not attempt resuscitation. People with a terminal illness or older patients might have a DMR. Should still provide care but should not resuscitate if they die Describe when an EMT would not follow the direction provided by a Do Not Resuscitate Order. If it goes against local laws or is not signed by a physician. If a gaurdian wants to change it. List and define the types of consent Implied- can be verbal and non-verbal (patient is alert) Expressed- patient is unconscious or unable to make their own decision( we do what is best for the patient) Involuntary- someone who is not mentally sound( consent from gaurdian) Describe the techniques the EMT can employ when a patient does not wish to receive care Patients are able to refuse car but we should advise against it and explain how severe their injuries are and why they should get medical treatment Describe what criteria must be met prior to having a patient refuse care Assess the patient's ability to refuse treatment Encourage patient to accept care and call 9-1-1 if they change their mind Signature of release form Define definitive care and how it relates to the EMT Lets us know what to do with certain patients Define the CHART and SOAP documentation methods. Chart- Chief complaint, History, Assessment, treatment, or transport Soap- Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan Define a standing order. Standing order is a written order by a medical professional that you can use to choose a course of treatment Define reciprocity. Gaining licensing in other states within the US Differentiate certification from licensure. Licensure- allows people to preform a regulated act Certification- process in which a person, institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical patient care Contrast libel and slander. Libel- false and damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing Slander- False and damaging info about a person that is communicated by the spoken word 1. Describe techniques the EMT can use to overcome language barriers and patients who are deaf or blind. Deaf- can use hand signals Blind- explain to patient what you are going to do to them List the categories of START Triage and the steps in triaging a patient.