Bontrager Ch. 2 (chest) 2024 Test Questions And Answers

Bontrager Ch. 2 (chest) 2024 Test Questions And Answers The bony thorax consists of : - ANSWER- Sternum, ribs (12 pairs), and thoracic vertebre (12) clavicles (2), scapulae (2) **not considered part of bony thorax but is related anatomy What are the two important bony landmarks of the thorax for positioning a AP or PA chest projection? - ANSWER- Vertebre prominens (back of neck) and the jugular notch (top of sternum) What are the four divisions of the respiratory system? - ANSWER- (1) pharynx (2) trachea (3) bronchi (4) lungs Adam's apple - ANSWER- laryngeal prominence shoulder blade - ANSWER- scapula voice box - ANSWER- larynx breastbone - ANSWER- sternum collar bone - ANSWER- clavicle Name the three divisions of the larynx - ANSWER- Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx What is the name of the structure that prevents food and foreign objects from entering the respiratory system? - ANSWER- epiglottis Is the esophagus anterior or posterior to the trachea? - ANSWER- posterior If a person accidentally inhales a food particle which brochi is it most likely to enter and why? - ANSWER- the right bronchus because it is shorter, wider, and more vertical What is the name of the area where the bronchus divides into the left and right bronchi? Where is this prominence located? - ANSWER- the carnia, located at T5 Small air filled sacs that exchance oxygen and carbon dioxide - ANSWER- alveoli double walled sac containing the lungs - ANSWER- pluera outer layer of the pluera - ANSWER- parietal pluera inner layer of the pleura - ANSWER- visceral pluera space between the two layers of the pluera - ANSWER- plueral cavity air or gas that enters the plueral cavity is a condition called : - ANSWER- pneumothorax Lower concave portion of the lung - ANSWER- base central area of lungs where the bronchi and blood vessels enter - ANSWER- Hilium upper rounded portion of lungs that stretches above the level of the clavicles - ANSWER- Apex Outermost lower corner of lungs - ANSWER- costophrenic angle the diaphram is composed of ____ muscles which are called _____________ - ANSWER- 2, right and left hemidiaphram The four important structures of the mediastinum are : - ANSWER- (1) Thymus gland (2) Heart and great blood vessels (3) trachea (4) esophagus the double walled membrane enclosing the heart is called : - ANSWER- pericardial sac The three parts of the aorta are : - ANSWER- (1) Ascending aorta (2) arch of aorta (3) descending aorta gland that functions primarily during childhood and puberty - ANSWER- thymus gland large vein that returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body - ANSWERsuperior vena cava large vein that returns blood from the lower half of the body - ANSWER- inferior vena cava Supply blood and return blood to and from all segments of the lungs - ANSWERpulmonary arteries and veins Body type that has a broad and deep thorax from front to back but is shallow in vertical dimension - ANSWER- hypersthenic (IR must be crosswise!) Slender body type with a narrow thorax width and shallow from front to back but long in vertical dimension - ANSWER- hypoasthenic (IR must be lenghtwise!) How many ribs should be demonstrated above the diaphram on a PA radiograph of an average adult on full inspiration - ANSWER- 10 Chest radiography for an adult patient should utilize a kVp between ___ and ___. - ANSWER- 110 and 125 What would be used to immobilize and infant for the erect PA and lateral chest projections? - ANSWER- pigg-o-stat What exposure factors should be used for a chest examination of a young pediatric patient? - ANSWER- 70-85 kVp, short exposure time To ensure better lung inspiration during chest radiography, exposure should be made on the ______ inspiration. - ANSWER- second What are the three reasons chest x-rays should be taken erect if possible? - ANSWER- (1) The diaphram is able to move down farther (2) Air/fluid levels in chest easily visualized (3) Engorgement and hyperemia of pulmonary vessels may be prevented How can you tell if there is rotation on a PA chest radiograph? How can you tell which direction? - ANSWER- Both right and left sternal ends of the clavicles are the same distance from the center line of the spine. You can tell which way the patient is rotated by noting which sternal end is closest to the spine How can you tell if there is rotation on a lateral chest radiograph? How can you tell which direction? - ANSWER- The posterior ribs will be more than 1/4-1/2 inch apart. To determine which direction look for gastric bubble in the stomach or the inferior border of the heart shadow which are associated with the left hemidiaphram Aspiration - ANSWER- (mechanical obstruction) occurs when foreign objects are swallowed or aspirated into the air passages Atelectasis - ANSWER- collapse of all or a portion of the lung Bronchiectasis - ANSWER- irreversible dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles that is a result of repeated pulmonary infection and obstruction Bronchitis - ANSWER- acute (short term) or chronic (long term) condition in which excessive mucus is secreted into the bronchi causing cough and shortness of breath Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ANSWER- persistent obstruction of the airways that usually causes difficulty in emptying the lungs of air Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER- Most commonly inherited disease; secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive clogging of bronchi and bronchioles Dyspnea - ANSWER- shortness of breath Emphysema - ANSWER- chronic condition where alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction and loss of elasticity (1)neoplasm (2)hamartoma (3)pulmonary metastases - ANSWER- (1) new growth or tumor (2) noncancerous (benign) pulmonary mass (3) cancerous (malignant) pulmonary mass Pleural effusion - ANSWER- fluid in the pleural cavity Empyema - ANSWER- pus in the pleural cavity hemothorax - ANSWER- blood in the pleural cavity pleurisy - ANSWER- inflammation of the pleura surrounding the lungs pneumonia - ANSWER- inflammation of the lungs that leads to fluid accumulating in the lungs pneumothorax - ANSWER- accumulation of air in the pleural space that cause partial or complete collapse of lung Pulmonary edema - ANSWER- excess fluid within the lungs that is frequently caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation commonly associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) How many lobes does the right lung have? What about the left? - ANSWER- Right lung : 3 Lefts lung : 2 What kVp should be used for chest x-rays? - ANSWER- 110-125kVp What SID is typically used for chest X-rays? - ANSWER- 72 inches (expect for AP upper airway ~ uses 40