NR 325 Final Exam 2023

NR 325 Final Exam 2023 Types of seizures partial and generalized partial vs generalized seizures Partial: one hemisphere, No loss of consciousness, Jerky movement on one side of the body Generalized: both hemispheres, has 3 phases (tonic > clonic > postictal) Brainpower Read More tonic phase Aura Cry out (due to air being squeezed out of the lungs) Unconscious Continuous muscle contraction (rigidity) Increased CO2 and glucose demand on the brain clonic phase state of alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles postictal phase the period of time immediately following a tonic-clonic seizure in which the patient goes from full loss of consciousness to full mental status S/S of seizures Possible auras Unconscious Continuous muscle contraction Jerky movements What is the goal of seizure medications limits abnormal activity without impairing cognition & undesirable S/E. Main drugs to tx/prevention seizures - Lorazepam (ativan) - Diazepam (valium) - Phenytoin (dilantin) - Carbamazepine (tegretol) - Topiramate (topamax) Lorazepam (Ativan) & Diazepam (valium) Benzodiazepine Antianxiety & antiseizure Phenytoin (Dilantin) Anticonvulsant S/E: gingival hyperplasia; CNS depression; skin rash; cardiac dysrhythmias; hypotension; narrow therapeutic index Topiramate (Topamax) Works to decrease alcohol cravings & prevent withdrawal seizures Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Anticonvulsant emergency seizure care 1. protect airway - roll on side 2. protect from injury 3. do not move or forcefully restrain in tonic-clonic seizure, but do ease to ground if sitting 4. nothing in mouth 5. time the event and document characteristics 6. if possible, isolate/provide privacy 7. pillow or folded blanket under head 8. loosen restrictive clothes, remove eyeglasses 9. clear hazardous objects 10 jaw thrust for tongue if tongue causing choking *DO NOT: restrain, put anything in mouth, give food or liquids status epilepticus A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last more than 30 minutes. Parkinson's disease a progressive disease that destroys brain cells and is identified by muscular tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis S/S of Parkinson's TRAP Tremors Rigidity Akinesia Postural instability Parkinson treatment "BALSA" - inc dopamine, dec ACh Bromocriptine: "Bros bring the dop" Amantadine: "a man to dine brings dopamine" Levodopa (with carbidopa): L-dopa Selegiline (COMT inhibitors): "selling gills in MAO" **Remember Parkinsons has dec DOPAMINE, inc AC