Engineering Ethics Questions and Answers Graded A

Engineering Ethics Questions and Answers Graded A Prof. Bill Baker states that 'values' and 'facts' are inseparable and we must avoid the hazard of assuming that better science could perfectly answer the question: "How safe is safe enough?" True Baker article --- In his article, "Engineering Ethics: Applications and Responsibilities", Prof. Bill Baker argues that the goals of those teaching courses in ethics are: - To generate awareness of ethical concerns and dilemmas - To disarm prejudices - To bring about more value laden professional behavior Baker article --- According to Prof. Bill Baker, public interest in the ethics of professional practice is measured chiefly in terms of quantifiable societal impacts. True Baker article --- According to Prof. Bill Baker, it is a fact that technological changes will occur. When technological changes occur the questions become: - Whether, with technological changes, risks can be controlled and safely reasonably assured? - If risk and safety are to be controlled, how and by whom? - Whether engineers, individually and as a group, have roles to play in the controlling process? - Whether laws would be passed to protect ethical engineers since the ethical practice of engineering has come to be so highly regarded as a means of protecting the public? Baker article --- ______, ______, and ______ analysis are critical areas in engineering concerns for safety according to Dr. Baker. cost, benefit, risk Baker article --- In his article, Prof. Bill Baker points out that engineering responsibility must be ______ ______ and not only deal with "can we do it" but also ______ we do it. forward, looking, ought Baker article --- Prof. Bill Baker states that the primary function of analytical philosophy is to identify positive and negative outcomes for all stakeholders resulting from ethical decisions made by practicing professionals. False Baker article --- If financial analysis shows dollar benefits will exceed dollar costs, projects are presented as desirable, when "real" costs, even if unquantifiable, may exceed "real" benefits. This amounts to mis......??? True Intuition --- When we examine the reliability of intuitions, we do so by looking at our reasoning process. True Intuition --- Intuition is defined as insight that just seems to be true or correct. Intuition is not the result of perception, introspection or explicit inference. True Intuition --- One can be more confident in the use of intuition in resolving an ethical dilemma if one or more of the following conditions are met. Select the best answer(s): A. A person is not emotionally invested in a particular outcome. B. The ethical issue is simple rather than complex. C. If one intuitive judgement does not conflict with another intuitive judgement. D. Other ethical theories do not apply. A, B, C Intuition --- Intuitions as discussed in this course are presented as an ethical theory on a level equal to Utilitarianism, Respect for Persons and Virtue Ethics. False Intuition --- Philosopher and writer David Sosa maintains that intuitions should be treated as unreliable under any and all conditions. Intuitive judgements are intrinsically more flawed than introspective judgements or perceptive judgements. False Intuition --- The criticisms mentioned in the article and lecture are intended to introduce doubt about the reliability of intuitions instead of proving that they are always flawed. True Utilitarianism --- Pluralistic utilitarians argue that (incorrect answers result in negative partial credit): A. acts that promote one intrinsic good will never negate another intrinsic good B. there is more than one category of intrinsic good C. things like knowledge, friendship and accomplishment are only valued in virtue of their connection to pleasure D. intrinsic good are easily determined B. there is more than one category of intrinsic good Utilitarianism --- ______ utilitarians place an emphasis on rules which when widely followed lead to ______ utility. Rule, an overall increase in Utilitarianism --- Virtues precede the Principle of Utility in Utilitarianism. False Utilitarianism --- Which of the following attributes are important outcomes that result from the application of the principles of utilitarianism? A. concern for other persons B. unambiguous resolution of ethical dilemmas C. consensus building about the right thing to do D. promotion of a positive state of affairs E. universal applicability to ethics in engineering practice F. minimizing the harm to all stakeholders A, B, C, D Utilitarianism --- Pluralistic utilitarians argue that (select the best answer)... A. acts that promote one intrinsic good will never negate another intrinsic good B. there is more than one category of intrinsic good C. things like knowledge, friendship, and accomplishment are only valued in virtue of their connection to pleasure D. intrinsic goods are easily determined E. all of these are part of pluralistic utilitarianism F. none of these are part of pluralistic utilitarianism B. there is more than one category of intrinsic good Utilitarianism --- Act utilitarians permit lying in a situation if doing so will promote the best consequences. True Utilitarianism --- Hedonistic utilitarianism allows for qualitative differences in pleasure. True Utilitarianism --- One of the most important concepts in utilitarianism is: A. that right, wrong, good and bad are terms that can be used interchangeably B. determining what is meant by the term "good" C. that the concept of "good" defines a means to an end, not an end in itself D. that the concept of "good" defines something that is instrumentally valuable B. determining what is meant by the term "good" Utilitarianism --- If one makes the descriptive observation that most people fail to act in accord with utilitarianism, this by itself undermines the claim that we ought to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. False Respect for Persons --- Which of the following statements are consistent with the Principle of Humanity? A. It is not enough to take for granted that people are worthy of fundamental consideration B. According to Kant, people are worthy of respect because they are rational and autonomous beings who choose their own ends in life C. In contrast to Utilitarianism, which maximizes the most good for the most people, even if some persons suffer negative consequences, Respect for Persons implies that it is not permissible to treat one or a few individuals as a mere means to an end D. Under the theory of Respect for Persons, the inviolable status of the individual leads to restrictions on the ethical choices others may make E. Kant's theory of Respect for Persons could never be extended to sentient animals A. It is not enough to take for granted that people are worthy of fundamental consideration B. According to Kant, people are worthy of respect because they are rational and autonomous beings who choose their own ends in life C. In contrast to Utilitarianism, which maximizes the most good for the most people, even if some persons suffer negative consequences, Respect for Persons implies that it is not permissible to treat one or a few individuals as a mere means to an end D. Under the theory of Respect for Persons, the inviolable status of the individual leads to restrictions on the ethical choices others may make Respect for Persons --- According to Kant there is a perfect duty to avoid causing harm but only an imperfect duty to help others. True Respect for Persons --- Kant's theory of Respect for Persons has been viewed as problematic due to consequences of applying the basic theory because of the following: A. It places greater emphasis on some duties than others B. There are situations in which producing the best state of affairs may not be the morally correct choice C. It completely disregards the consequences of an action D. That persons are worthy of respect by virtue of having a soul which depends on specific beliefs that are not universally shared C. It completely disregards the consequences of an action D. That persons are worthy of respect by virtue of having a soul which depends on specific beliefs that are not universally shared Respect for Persons --- The word "respect" can have different meanings in different contexts. Which of the following statements best conveys the meaning of "respect" as used in Kant's theory of Respect for Persons? A. Respect for Persons conveys the concept that a person is accorded respect only in proportion to their accomplishments or their status in society B. Respect for Persons conveys the concept that persons liable for breaking criminal laws are not to be accorded even a basic level of respect C. Respect for Persons conveys the concept that a person is to be accorded a basic level of respect regardless of their accomplishments or their status in society D. Respect for Persons conveys the concept that a person is to be accorded respect only to the degree the person offering respect chooses to do so C. Respect for Persons conveys the concept that a person is to be accorded a basic level of respect regardless of their accomplishments or their status in society Respect for Persons --- According to Kant, the obligation to help others trumps the obligation to avoid harming others. False Virtue Ethics --- Role ethics is appropriate only for professionals practicing in the public domain when they are in possession of specialized knowledge or training. False Virtue Ethics --- According to Aristotle, a virtue is: (choose the best answer). A. a behavior that is commonly accepted by society B. established through simply thinking good thoughts C. choosing the mean between two extremes; excess and deficiency. C. choosing the mean between two extremes; excess and deficiency. Virtue Ethics --- Practical wisdom requires that one perform the right action: (Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit.) A. at the right time B. for the right duration C. at the right intensity D. towards the right people A. at the right time B. for the right duration C. at the right intensity D. towards the right people Virtue Ethics --- Aristotle argued that virtues are valuable because they lead to happiness. False Virtue Ethics --- Virtue ethics addresses the issue of right or wrong from the perspective of being the right kind of person; cultivating desirable traits such as honesty, courage and compassion. True Virtue Ethics --- Virtue ethics is not concerned with the consequences of an action. False