PATHO HESI EXIT PRACTICE QUIZ 2023/2024

PATHO HESI EXIT PRACTICE QUIZ 2023/2024 A 26-year-old male client with Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The client expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What information should the nurse provide? A. The radiation therapy causes the inability to have an erection. B. Radiation therapy with chemotherapy causes temporary infertility. C. Permanent sterility occurs in male clients who receive radiation. D. The client should restrict sexual activity during radiotherapy. - CORRECT ANSWERC Muscular dystrophy is characterized by which pathophysiological condition? A. Stressed induced tremor and trembling. B. Cardiac damage. C. Seizure activity. D. Skeletal muscle degeneration. - CORRECT ANSWER-D The nurse is assessing a postmenopausal woman who is complaining of urinary urgency and frequency and stress incontinence. She also reports difficulty in emptying her bladder. These complaints are most likely due to which condition? A. Cystocele B. Bladder infection C. Pyelonephritis Irritable bladder D. Irritable bladder - CORRECT ANSWER-A The parents of a child with hemophilia A ask the nurse about their probability of having another child with hemophilia A. Which information is the basis for the nurse's response? (Select all that apply.) A. Autosomal Dominance occurs with this disorder. B. Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia. C. Men with hemophilia have sons who also manifest the disease. D. The disease occurs in daughters of men with hemophilia. E. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER-B, E The nurse is assessing an older client and determines that the client's left upper eyelid droops, covering more of the iris than the right eyelid. Which description should the nurse use to document this finding? A. Ptosis on the left eyelid. B. A nystagmus on the left. C. Astigmatism on the right. D. Exophthalmos on the right. - CORRECT ANSWER-A A client with a fractured right radius reports severe, diffuse pain that has not responded to the prescribed analgesics. The pain is greater with passive movement of the limb than with active movement by the client. The nurse recognizes that the client is most likely exhibiting symptoms of which condition? A. Acute compartment syndrome. B. Fat embolism syndrome. C. Venous thromboembolism. D. Aseptic ischemic necrosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. The nurse is preparing to administer atropine, an anticholinergic, to a client who is scheduled for a cholecystectomy. The client asks the nurse to explain the reason for the prescribed medication. What response is best for the nurse to provide? A. Provide a more rapid induction of anesthesia. B. Decrease the risk of bradycardia during surgery. C. Induce relaxation before the induction of anesthesia. D. Minimize the amount of analgesia needed postoperatively. - CORRECT ANSWER-B Which signs and symptoms are associated with arterial insufficiency? A. Pallor, intermittent claudication. B. Pedal edema, brown pigmentation. C. Blanched skin, lower extremity ulcers. D. Peripheral neuropathy, cold extremities. - CORRECT ANSWER-A A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. This finding supports which pathophysiological cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction? A. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck. B. Ureteral calculi obstruction. C. Uteropelvic junction stricture. D. Partial post-renal obstruction due to ureteral stricture. - CORRECT ANSWER-A Which condition is associated with an over secretion of renin? A. Hypertension. B. Diabetes mellitus. C. Diabetes insipidus. D. Alzheimer's disease. - CORRECT ANSWER-A A client is admitted to the ER with a tension pneumothorax. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to identify? A. An absence of lung sounds on the affected side. B. An inability to auscultate tracheal breath sounds. C. A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite the pneumothorax. D. A shift of the point of maximal impulse to the left, with bounding pulses. - CORRECT ANSWER-C A client with aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure. Which pathophysiological finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a result of the increased cardiac workload? A. Increase in size. B. Decrease in length. C. Increase in number. D. Decrease in excitability. - CORRECT ANSWER-A The nurse is measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coaction of the aorta. Which blood pressure finding should the nurse expect to obtain? A. Higher on the left side. B. Higher on the right side. C. Lower in the arms than in the legs. D. Lower in the legs than in the arms. - CORRECT ANSWER-D A deficiency of intrinsic factor should alert the nurse to assess a client's history for which condition? A. Emphysema. B. Hemophilia. C. Pernicious anemia. D. Oxalic acid toxicity. - CORRECT ANSWER-C What is the underlying pathophysiologic process between free radicals and destruction of a cell membrane? A. Inadequate mitochondrial ATP. B. Enzyme release from lysosomes. C. Defective chromosomes for protein. Defective integral membrane proteins. - CORRECT ANSWER-B Which healthcare practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenopausal client? A. Wear layers of clothes if experiencing hot flashes. B. Use a water-soluble lubricant for vaginal dryness. C. Consume adequate foods rich in calcium. D. Participate in stimulating mental exercises. - CORRECT ANSWER-C The nurse is assessing the laboratory results for a client who is admitted with renal failure and osteodystrophy. Which findings are consistent with this client's clinical picture? A. Blood urea nitrogen 40 and creatinine 1.0. B. Cloudy, amber urine with sediment, specific gravity of 1.040. C. Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq and total calcium of 6 mg/dl. D. Hemoglobin of 10 g and hypophosphatemia. - CORRECT ANSWER-C A client with asthma receives a prescription for high blood pressure during a clinic visit. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate the client to receive that is least likely to exacerbate asthma? A. Pindolol (visken). B. Carteolol (ocupress). C. Meoprolol tartate (Lopressor). D. Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal). - CORRECT ANSWER-C 1.) The nurse reviews the complete blood count (CBC) findings of an adolescent with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The hemoglobin is 13.8 g/dl, hematocrit is 36.7%, white blood cell count is 8,200 mm3, and platelet count is 115,000 mm3. Based on these findings, what is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client's plan of care? A. Impaired gas exchange. B. Risk for infection. C. Risk for injury. D. Risk for activity intolerance. - CORRECT ANSWER-C - AML is at risk for anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. Platelets here are low. (norm = 250,000-400,000) A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion develops chills, fever, and a headache 30 minutes after the transfusion is started. The nurse should recognize these symptoms as characteristic of what reaction? A. Mild allergic reaction. B. Febrile transfusion reaction. C. Anaphylactic transfusion reaction.