Nursing 202 Exam 2 Questions and Answers

A nurse is assessing a client with a family history of cancer. Which finding requires immediate follow-up? A. The client has gained 10 lb (4.5 kg) over the past year. B. The client reports knee pain upon rising. C. The client reports a feeling of a lump in the throat. D. The client has a blood pressure of 135/80 mmHg and a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute. - C. The client reports a feeling of a lump in the throat. The sensation of a lump in the throat is one of the warning signs of esophageal cancer and requires immediate follow-up. Other symptoms of esophageal cancer include dysphagia, substernal pain, regurgitation of undigested food, foul breath, and hiccups. A weight gain of 10 lb in a year, a blood pressure of 135/80 mmHg, and a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute are normal findings. Although the nurse should ultimately investigate the complaint of pain in the knees upon rising, this finding isn't the priority at this time. A client, age 42, visits the gynecologist. After examining the client, the healthcare provider suspects cervical cancer. What will be most important for the nurse to include in assessing the client's health history? A. the onset of sexual activity B. smoking history C. diet and exercise D. history of human papillomavirus infection - D. history of human papillomavirus infectionThe nurse would assess for risk factors associated with cervical cancer. The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is human papillomavirus infection. The onset of sexual activity may indirectly increase the risk of cervical cancer. Smoking is a risk factor for cervical cancer but not the most important one. Diet and exercise are not important risk factors for cervical cancer. A client who is receiving chemotherapy expresses concern at the thought of losing hair on the head. The nurse's best response is: A. "Don't worry about your hair loss. A good wig can disguise that." B. "No one knows how long it will take your hair to grow back. You'll have to learn to cope with its loss." C. "A little hair loss shouldn't concern you. You have more serious things to worry about." D. "Your hair loss will be temporary. Would you like to tell me about your concerns?" - D. "Your hair loss will be temporary. Would you like to tell me about your concerns?" Alopecia, which can occur with the administration of some chemotherapeutic agents, is psychologically disturbing for many clients even though the loss is temporary. Clients should be reassured that their hair will grow back. The nurse should encourage the client to discuss any concerns and should explore the various options available to the client (e.g., caps, wigs, scarves, turbans). Telling the client not to worry about hair loss or that there are more serious worries trivializes the client's concerns. Telling the client to learn to cope with hair loss conveys negativity and harsh judgment and is likely to demoralize the client. A client with a modified radical mastectomy is being discharged. The client has been very reluctant to discuss the surgery or her situation. The nurse making assignments should delegate the client's care to the:A. unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) because the client is stable and being discharged. B. same nurse who has cared for her the past 3 days, for continuity of care. C. nurse in orientation who needs experience in discharge instructions. D. nurse with the most bed baths, because this client will not need a bath. - B. same nurse who has cared for her the past 3 days, for continuity of care. Continuity of care is crucial for this client to feel more comfortable about asking questions and discussing her care at home. A UAP does not have the educational preparation (registered nursing license) to provide discharge instructions. It is not appropriate to assign this client to a nurse in orientation or one who needs assistance; the priority need is continuity of care. Which outcome is expected of a nursing referral to a cancer support group? The client can: A. choose the best treatment options. B. find financial help. C. obtain home health care. D. cope with cancer. - D. cope with cancer. Support groups are designed to educate clients and their families experiencing cancer about the disease and methods of coping positively with it. These are selfhelp and support groups monitored by professionals and cancer survivors who have undergone a training course that helps them to facilitate small groups. The family of an older adult with terminal cancer asks about having hospice services. What should the nurse tell the family?Hospice care: A. focuses only on the needs of the client. B. can only be provided in the inpatient setting. C. is staffed exclusively by professional health care workers. D. focuses on supportive care for the client and family. - D. focuses on supportive care for the client and family. Hospice care focuses on supportive care for the client and family. Care for the family may continue throughout the bereavement period. Hospice care involves care of the client at home as well as in an inpatient setting. Although professional care is provided in hospice, family members, volunteers, and unlicensed nursing personnel (UAP) also participate in the care of the client. The nurse teaches the client with chronic cancer pain about optimal pain control. Which recommendation is most effective for pain control? A. Get used to some pain, and use a little less medication than needed to keep from being addicted. B. Take prescribed analgesics on an around-the-clock schedule to prevent recurrent pain. C. Take analgesics only when pain returns. D. Take enough analgesics around the clock so that you can sleep 12 to 16 hours a day to block the pain. - B. Take prescribed analgesics on an around-the-clock schedule to prevent recurrent pain. The regular administration of analgesics provides a consistent serum level of medication, which can help prevent breakthrough pain. Therefore, taking the prescribed analgesics on a regular schedule is the best way to manage chronic cancer-related pain. There is little risk for the client with cancer-related pain tobecome addicted. Sleeping 12 to 16 hours a day would not allow the client to participate in usual daily activities or preferred activities.