Test Bank on the Core Concepts in Pharmacology 5th Edition by Holland, Adams and Brice

Test Bank on the Core Concepts in Pharmacology 5th Edition by Holland, Adams and BriceChapter 1 Question 1 Type: MCSA A nurse educator wants to define the term pharmacology for the student. Which definition is most appropriate? 1. The study of medicine 2. The use of medicine to treat disease 3. The branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and suffering 4. The use of herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, or dietary supplements to treat diseases 2, Nurses are responsible for administering medications. Nurses do not prescribe medications. Which best explains the reason why nurses study pharmacology? 1. To educate and advise patients regarding their healthcare needs 2. To clarify the reasons why a prescriber may prescribe a certain medication to the patient 3. To understand how adverse effects of medications can be avoided 4. To generate research for medications Question 2 Type: MCSA Nurses are responsible for administering medications. Nurses do not prescribe medications. Which best explains the reason why nurses study pharmacology? 1. To educate and advise patients regarding their healthcare needs 2. To clarify the reasons why a prescriber may prescribe a certain medication to the patient 3. To understand how adverse effects of medications can be avoided 4. To generate research for medications Correct Answer: 1 2 | P a g eQuestion 3 Type: MCMA In addition to physicians, which healthcare providers are able to prescribe medications? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Physician’s assistants 2. Advanced nurse practitioners 3. Dentists 4. Medical assistants 5. Registered nurses Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3 Question 4 Type: MCSA Which branch of medicine is concerned with the treatment of disease and suffering? 1. Pharmacology 2. Therapeutics 3. Pathophysiology 4. Pharmacotherapeutics Correct Answer: 2 Question 5 Type: MCSA Which definition best describes the term pharmaceutics? 1. The science of preparing and dispensing drugs, and a very important part of pharmacotherapy 2. The use of medicine to treat disease 3. Agents naturally produced in animal cells, in microorganisms, or by the body itself 4. Herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements Correct Answer: 1 Question 6 Type: MCMA Which items are considered medically therapeutic? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be 3 | P a g egiven only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Traditional drugs 2. Sunscreens 3. Biologics 4. Natural alternative therapies 5. Antiperspirants Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4 Question 7 Type: MCSA Insulin would fall into which therapeutic drug category? 1. Biologics 2. Alternative therapies 3. Natural therapy 4. Traditional therapeutic drug Correct Answer: 1 Question 8 Type: MCSA Which statement best describes how a traditional drug is different from a biologic agent? 1. Biologics and traditional drugs are identical chemically. 2. Traditional drugs are naturally produced by the body or in animal cells, whereas biologic agents are chemically produced in a laboratory. 3. Traditional drugs are chemically produced in a laboratory, whereas biologic agents are naturally produced by the body or in animal cells. 4. Biologics include herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements. Correct Answer: 3 Question 9 Type: MCSA 4 | P a g eWhich medication change often occurs when a drug demonstrates a wide margin of safety and is used over long periods of time? 1. Prescription-only to over-the-counter (OTC) drug 2. One classification to a lower, less restrictive one 3. Traditional drug therapy classification to biologics classification 4. Therapeutic to effective Correct Answer: 1 Question 10 Type: MCMA Which statement best describes the advantages of prescription drugs versus over-the-counter (OTC) drugs? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. The cost of the drug is always less than the cost of an OTC drug. 2. The practitioner can maximize therapy by ordering the proper medication for the client’s condition. 3. There are fewer side effects of prescription drugs than of OTC drugs. 4. The practitioner is able to control the dose and frequency of dosing of the drug. 5. Prescription drugs do not require a practitioner order. Correct Answer: 2, 4 Question 11 Type: MCMA The nurse is discussing the advantages of over-the-counter (OTC) medications with a client. Which statements are disadvantages of OTC drugs versus prescription drugs? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. OTC drugs can react with foods, herbal products, and prescriptions, or with other OTC drugs. 2. A client can obtain OTC drugs more easily than prescription drugs. 5 | P a g e3. Self-treatment is sometimes ineffective. 4. Choosing the proper medication for a specific problem can be challenging. 5. OTC drugs are more expensive than prescription drugs. Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4 Question 12 Type: MCSA Which science is known for preparing and dispensing drugs? 1. Pharmacology 2. Pharmaceutics 3. Traditional drug therapy 4. Therapeutics Correct Answer: 2 Question 13 Type: MCSA A client expresses concerns about a newly prescribed medication. The nurse explains that the safety and effectiveness of the medication have been proven, according to the statutes of which law? 1. Public Health Service Act 2. FDA Modernization Act 3. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 4. Pure Food and Drug Act Correct Answer: 3 Question 14 Type: MCSA A client asks the nurse whether the claims made regarding a new medication are true. The nurse responds based on which act or amendment passed in 1912 that prevents the sale of drugs with false therapeutic claims intended to cheat the consumer? 1. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 2. FDA Modernization Act 3. The Sherley Amendment 6 | P a g e4. Pure Food and Drug Act Correct Answer: 3 Question 15 Type: MCSA The nurse is discussing a medication with a patient. This approved medication is discovered to have serious problems. Which FDA response does the nurse expect? 1. Require the medication to have additional clinical trials conducted 2. Issue a warning to practitioners to watch for side effects in clients taking the drug 3. Continue to monitor the medication in postmarketing studies 4. Require that the drug be withdrawn from the market and its use discontinued Correct Answer: 4 Question 16 Type: MCSA The nurse is caring for a client with migraine headaches. The client asks why she has been prescribed a medication for seizures. Which legislation allows drug companies to share off-label drug use information with healthcare practitioners to allow such a prescription to occur? 1. Therapeutic Products Programme 2. Food and Drugs Act 3. Prescription Drug User Fee Act 4. Health Products and Food Branch Correct Answer: 3 Question 17 Type: MCSA A client asks the nurse if all herbal supplements undergo the same testing that prescription drugs undergo. Which statement is the best response by the nurse? 7 | P a g e1. “Herbal and dietary supplements may not be marketed without prior approval from the FDA.” 2. “The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) regulates use of herbal supplements, which means the medication must be safe.” 3. “Herbal products and dietary supplements are regulated by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This act does not require the same research for herbal or dietary supplements.” 4. “All medications and herbal supplements undergo the same testing before being made available for purchase.” Correct Answer: 3 Question 18 Type: MCSA Which government agency has control over which prescription or OTC drugs may be used for therapy? 1. The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) 2. The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) 3. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) 4. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Correct Answer: 3 Question 19 Type: MCSA Which branch of the FDA is responsible for the use of biologics, including serums, vaccines, and products found in the bloodstream? 1. The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) 8 | P a g e2. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) 3. The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) 4. The FDA does not have a branch responsible for the use of biologics. Correct Answer: 1 Question 20 Type: MCSA A client has been selected as a participant in the approval process of a particular drug. The client’s dose and any effects from the medication are being monitored. Which phase of drug approval is this client participating in? 1. Postmarketing study 2. Clinical phase trial 3. Postclinical investigation 4. Preclinical investigation Correct Answer: 4 Question 21 Type: MCSA Which phase of clinical research involves basic science research? 1. Submission of NDA 2. Clinical phase trials 3. Postmarketing study 4. Preclinical investigation Correct Answer: 4 Question 22 Type: 9 | P a g eMCSA The nurse is providing care to a client who is taking several different medications, both prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC). The nurse is consulting with the charge nurse about possible interactions. Which statement by the nurse explains the increased potential for adverse drug–drug and drug–herbal interactions? 1. “The restrictions placed by the FDA are stricter.” 2. “People are using more herbs, so the risk for interaction is greater.” 3. “Drugs are being developed at a faster rate than their risk can be assessed.” 4. “Managed care has made a greater number of drugs available to consumers.” Correct Answer: 3 Question 23 Type: MCSA A public health nurse is seeking information on bioterrorist agents to present education regarding security and defense in case of attack. Which resource is the most appropriate? 1. U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2. FEMA 3. U.S. Armed Forces 4. U.S. National Guard Correct Answer: 1 Question 24 Type: SEQ A nurse is discussing how drugs are approved with a healthcare provider. Place the stages of approval for therapeutic and biological drugs in the appropriate sequence. 1. NDA submission with review 2. Preclinical investigation 3. Clinical investigation 10 | P a g e4. Postmarketing studies Correct Answer: 2, 3, 1, 4 Question 25 Type: MCMA Why do healthcare providers study pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. To understand how drugs improve the health of the human body 2. To educate clients 3. To gather medical data regarding results of drug therapy 4. To classify medications based on how they are produced Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3 Question 25 Type: MCSA Certain drugs are produced and prescribed with a faster process of review. Why did this occur? 1. There was limited knowledge of certain diseases and people were dying. 2. 3. 4. There existed faster authorization of therapeutic drugs that met medical need. Drug development was stagnant and time consuming. The benefits outweighed the risks. Correct Answer: 2 Question 26 Type: MCMA Which are considered infectious diseases that have impacted healthcare providers in the United States? 1. Influenza 2. 3. 4. 5. Human immunodeficiency virus Food poisoning Tuberculosis Asthma Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 11 | P a g eChapter 2 Question 1 Type: MCSA A student nurse asks what the difference between a therapeutic class and a pharmacologic class is. What is the best response by the nurse educator? 1. Therapeutic classification is how the medication produces an effect in the body, whereas pharmacologic classification is how a medication works clinically. 2. Therapeutic classification is how addictive a medication is, whereas pharmacologic classification is how the medication produces an effect in the body. 3. There are no differences between therapeutic and pharmacologic classes. 4. Pharmacologic classification is how the medication produces an effect in the body, whereas therapeutic classification is how a medication works clinically. Correct Answer: 4 Question 2 Type: MCSA The nurse is preparing to administer a drug that is labeled “used for minor skin irritations.” Based on the label, how is this drug classified? 1. By its function 2. By its usefulness 3. By its pharmacologic use 4. By its therapeutic use Correct Answer: 4 Question 3 Type: MCMA Which drug names are examples of trade names? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Calcium channel blocker 2. Benadryl 3. Loop diuretic 4. Acetaminophen 12 | P a g e5. Motrin Correct Answer: 2, 5 Question 4 Type: MCSA A nurse is discussing generic and trade drugs with a client. The client wants to know why it takes so long for trade drugs to become available in the generic form, which are generally less expensive. What is the nurse’s best response? 1. It takes 17 years for all pharmaceutical companies to develop a generic version of the drug. 2. It will take 17 years of clinical trials to approve the drug. 3. Sole ownership of a drug allows the pharmaceutical company to earn back the money spent to develop the drug. 4. Animal testing must continue for 10 years, then 7 years of human clinical trials, for a drug to be approved. Correct Answer: 3 Question 5 Type: MCSA A client asks the nurse why the healthcare provider often refers to medications by the generic name instead of by the brand name. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. The pharmacy will only accept a prescription written with the generic name. 2. The physician prefers to use a more technical-sounding name for medications. 3. There is only one generic name for each medication, but there are often many brand names. 4. The client needs to ask the physician to explain why medications have so many different names. Correct Answer: 3 Question 6 Type: MCMA Why are generic names preferred over chemical or trade names when prescribing a medication? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Chemical names are often complicated and difficult to remember. 2. The generic name can consistently be matched to the active ingredients. 3. There might be multiple trade names for a drug. 4. The generic name is always a shortened version of the chemical name. 13 | P a g e5. Chemical names often change. Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3 Question 7 Type: MCSA A nurse is talking to a client about their medications. The client tells the nurse that one of the medications on the list is on a negative formulary list and asks what this means. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. This means the medication can only be dispensed using the trade name medication. 2. This means the medication can only be dispensed using the generic medication. 3. This means the medication cannot be dispensed until the order is verified with the physician a second time before dispensing the trade name medication. 4. This means the medication can be dispensed as either the generic or trade name medication. Correct Answer: 1 Question 8 Type: MCSA The nurse is teaching a client about prescribed medications. One of the medications is a controlled substance and the client asks the nurse to explain what that means. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. A controlled substance is regulated under the Controlled Substances Act, and may have many restrictions placed on ordering or refilling this medication. 2. A controlled substance requires both a written prescription and a telephone call from the prescribing practitioner. 3. A controlled substance does not require a prescription to purchase. 4. A controlled substance is always called to the pharmacy by the practitioner. Correct Answer: 1 Question 9 Type: MCSA Which drug schedule does a medication belong to if it has a moderate abuse potential and physical dependence? 1. I 2. IV 3. III 14 | P a g e4. II Correct Answer: 3 Question 10 Type: MCMA Which of the following would be categorized as Schedule II drugs? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Morphine 2. Methadone 3. Tylenol with codeine 4. Valium 5. Heroin Correct Answer: 1, 2 Question 11 Type: MCSA What is the appropriate schedule for a drug with limited or no therapeutic use? 1. III 2. X 3. V 4. I Correct Answer: 4 Question 12 Type: MCSA Scheduled drugs are classified by their potential for abuse. Which classification has the highest potential for abuse? 1. V 2. II 3. III 4. I Correct Answer: 4 Question 13 Type: MCSA 15 | P a g eScheduled drugs are classified by their potential for abuse. Which classification has the lowest potential for abuse? 1. I 2. V 3. II 4. III Correct Answer: 2 Question 14 Type: MCSA A pregnant woman with a life-threatening condition must take medication that can cause harm to her fetus. What is the pregnancy category that this medication most likely represents? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Correct Answer: 4 Question 15 Type: MCSA Which medication would have the greatest risk to a fetus if given to a pregnant client? 1. Warfarin (Coumadin) 2. Ranitidine (Zantac) 3. Tetracycline 4. Potassium chloride (KCl) Correct Answer: 1 Question 16 Type: MCSA Which medication would have the least risk to a fetus if given to a pregnant client? 1. Methotrexate 2. Alcohol 3. Ferrous fumarate (Ferranol) 16 | P a g e4. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Correct Answer: 3 Question 17 Type: MCSA A pregnant client asks the nurse to explain what a teratogen is. What is the best response by the nurse to educate this client? 1. A teratogen is any substance that will harm a developing fetus or embryo. 2. A teratogen is a controlled substance. 3. A teratogen is a nonnarcotic pain reliever. 4. A teratogen is a medication used to treat bacterial infections. Correct Answer: 1 Chapter 3 What does the nurse need to determine prior to administering a medication to a client? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Contraindications for this medication 2. What drug is ordered 3. The generic and trade name of the medication 4. The manufacturer of the medication 5. The drug classification Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Question 2 Type: MCSA After administering a medication, the nurse notes that the client has itching and a runny nose. What is the nursing priority? 1. Document the findings 2. Assess vital signs 3. Notify the charge nurse 4. Monitor the client closely Correct Answer: 3 17 | P a g eQuestion 3 Type: MCSA Following administration of a drug to a client, who has the greatest responsibility for monitoring the client for adverse reactions? 1. The nurse 2. The nursing assistant 3. The family of the client 4. The physical therapist Correct Answer: 1 The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which six rights of drug administration should the nurse assess for prior to administering the prescribed medication? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Right client 2. Right route of administration 3. Right dose 4. Right time of preparation 5. Right documentation Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Question 5 Type: MCMA The nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client. What are the checks that must occur prior to medication administration? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Checking the drug after administering it to the patient 2. Checking the drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out of the unit dose container, or connecting the IV tubing to the bag 3. Checking the drug with the medication administration record (MAR) or medication information system when removing it from the medication drawer, refrigerator, or controlled substance locker 4. Checking the drug before administering it to the patient 5. Checking the drug prior to documenting Correct Answer: 2, 3, 5 18 | P a g eQuestion 6 Type: MCMA The nurse is speaking with a client regarding current medications. The client states she does not always take the medications as prescribed. What are the potential reasons for this client’s noncompliance? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Patients sometimes forget doses of medications. 2. The drug may be too expensive or may not be approved by the patient’s health insurance plan. 3. Adverse effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, or impotence often cause noncompliance. 4. The client takes medications as prescribed. 5. The client may not understand the reason for the medication. Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Question 7 Type: MCSA What type of medication order should be given immediately or only once? 1. A single order 2. An ASAP order 3. A prn order 4. A STAT order Correct Answer: 4 Question 8 Type: MCSA The nurse is caring for a client who has medications ordered to be given PO. The client asks the nurse what PO means. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. PO medications are given orally. 2. PO medications are given rectally. 3. PO medications are given intramuscularly. 4. PO medications are given vaginally. Correct Answer: 1 Question 9 19 | P a g eType: MCSA The physician ordered amlodipine (Norvasc) 5 mg tab PO bid. The drug is dispensed as 1 tablet, which is 5 mg. How should the nurse administer the medication? 1. One tablet orally four times per day 2. One tablet orally three times per day 3. One tablet orally once per day 4. One tablet orally twice per day Correct Answer: 4 Question 10 Type: MCSA The physician writes an order for a medication to be given SL tid. How should the nurse administer the prescribed medication order to the client? 1. Subcutaneous three times per day 2. Subcutaneous four times per day 3. Sublingual three times per day 4. Sublingual four times per day Correct Answer: 3 Question 11 Type: MCMA The nurse is reviewing some medication administration orders for her clients. Which drug administration abbreviations are matched correctly with their definitions? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. hs—hour of sleep/bedtime 2. ac—after meals; after eating 3. prn—when needed/necessary 4. qid—three times per day 5. pc—before meals Correct Answer: 1, 3 Question 12 Type: MCMA 20 | P a g eWhich drug administration abbreviations are matched correctly with their definitions? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. PO—pills only 2. gtt—drop 3. no—number 4. qh—every hour 5. qid—three times a day Correct Answer: 2, 3, 4 Question 13 Type: MCSA The nurse is reviewing orders for a newly admitted client with a student. Which statement by the student indicates that the student understands the meaning of a standing order? 1. It is to be given only once and at a specific time. 2. It is written in advance of a situation, and should be carried out under specific circumstances. 3. It is usually carried out within two hours of the time the order is written by the physician, but the exact timing is defined by each facility. 4. It is administered as required by the patient’s condition. Correct Answer: 2 Question 14 Type: FIB The medication is ordered as follows: Give 5 mL by mouth four times per day. How many teaspoons will the nurse administer to the client? (units) Correct Answer: One, teaspoon Question 15 Type: MCSA The nurse is recording intake for a client. The nurse must document the client’s intake in 21 | P a g emilliliters. What is the conversion between cups and milliliters? 1. One cup equals 15 mL 2. One cup equals 240 mL or 8 ounces 3. One cup equals 30 mL 4. One cup equals 500 mL Correct Answer: 2 Question 16 Type: MCSA The nurse is weighing an infant during a well-care visit. The nurse weighs the child in kilograms but the client’s parents ask what the weight is in pounds and ounces. The nurse calculates the weight based on which conversion? 1. One kilogram equals 2.2 pounds. 2. One kilogram equals 3.2 pounds. 3. One kilogram equals 1.2 pounds. 4. One kilogram equals 0.45 pounds. Correct Answer: 1 Question 17 Type: MCSA A client has been prescribed a liquid medication to be taken 15 mL tid. How should the nurse instruct the client to take this medication? 1. Carefully measure the medication using any teaspoon and take one teaspoon three times per day. 2. Carefully measure the medication using any tablespoon available and take one tablespoon three times per day. 3. Carefully measure using a medical dosing device and take 15 mL, which equals one tablespoon three times per day. 4. Carefully measure using a medical dosing device and take 15 mL, which equals one teaspoon three times per day. Correct Answer: 3 Question 18 Type: 22 | P a g eMCSA A client is being discharged with an order to drink 2400 mL of fluid per day. The client asks the nurse how many cups this equals. Which nursing response is the most appropriate? 1. You should drink five 8-ounce glasses of fluid per day. 2. You should drink ten 8-ounce glasses of fluid per day. 3. You should drink 1 pint of fluid per day. 4. You should drink 2 pints of fluid per day. Correct Answer: 2 Question 19 Type: MCMA Which routes are appropriate for the nurse to use when administering enteral medications? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Subcutaneous 2. Oral 3. Via gastrostomy tube 4. Via nasogastric tube 5. Via intravenous tube Correct Answer: 2, 3, 4 Question 20 Type: MCSA The nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client by nasogastric (NG) tube. Which type of medication should not be given by this route? 1. All medications can be given via NG tube 2. Tablets 3. Sustained-release medications 4. Liquid medications Correct Answer: 3 Question 21 Type: MCSA 23 | P a g eThe physician orders a medication to be given via the buccal route. What instructions should the nurse provide to the client prior to taking the medication? 1. The tablet should be crushed and given in either pudding or applesauce. 2. The tablet is placed in the oral cavity between the gum and the cheek. 3. The tablet is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly. 4. This drug should be applied directly to the skin. Question 22 Type: MCMA The nurse is teaching a client about parenteral medication administration. Which routes of administration should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Oral 2. Intravenous infusion 3. Intramuscular injection 4. Vaginal 5. Sublingual Correct Answer: 2, 3 Question 23 Type: MCSA The nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client. Which site is not appropriate for an IM injection? 1. Ventrogluteal site 2. Vastus lateralis site 3. Subscapular areas of the upper back 4. Deltoid site Correct Answer: 3 Question 24 Type: MCSA The nurse is preparing a syringe for an intramuscular injection. The nurse plans to administer the injection in the deltoid muscle. What is the maximum amount of medication that the nurse can administer to this site? 24 | P a g e1. 1 mL 2. 4 mL 3. 3 mL 4. 2 mL Question 25 Type: MCSA What is a disadvantage of administering medication via the subcutaneous or intramuscular route? 1. This route allows medications to avoid digestive enzymes. 2. This route allows medications to avoid the first-pass effect in the liver. 3. This route allows only small volumes to be administered. 4. This route can be used in clients who are unable to take medications orally. Correct Answer: 3 Question 26 Type: MCSA Which statement made by the nurse regarding topical medications is the most appropriate when referring to the desired reaction? 1. The desired reaction is absorption of the medication into the circulation. 2. The desired reaction is a specified rate of delivery. 3. The desired reaction is fewer side effects. 4. The desired reaction is systemic absorption through the skin. Correct Answer: 3 Question 27: Type: MCSA A nurse is providing the client information about the prescribed medication. Which statement requires additional teaching about the medication regime? 1. I will take the medication as directed. 2. I should skip my medication when I cannot afford it. 3. I understand why I need the medication. 4. I know the importance of not self-adjusting my medication. Correct answer: 2 25 | P a g eQuestion 28 Type: MCSA A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a patient. Which action is the priority? 1. Review the medication order and check for allergies 2. Obtain vital signs and record in electronic health record 3. Wash hands and prepare for a head to toe assessment 4. Assess the other patients and review their medications Answer: 1 Question 29 Type: MCSA A nurse is explaining to the patient the procedure for a rectal suppository. The patient asks how long they should wait to defecate. Which is the correct time to retain the suppository? 1. 15 minutes 2. 30 minutes 3. 45 minutes 4. 60 minutes Answer: 2 Question 30 Type: MCMA Which are administration guidelines for transdermal drugs? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Apply gloves before handling the patch 2. Ask the patient to remain in the position for five minutes 3. Ask the patient to blow his nose 4. Apply the medication to clean, dry, and hairless skin 5. Rotate the skin sites Answer: 1, 4, 5 Question 31 Type: MCSA A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a hospitalized patient. The nurse does not recognize the name of a particular medication. Which is the priority of the nurse? 26 | P a g e1. The nurse should continue the medication administration process. 2. The nurse should review the name of the medication, its action, and how it will be given. 3. The nurse should observe the patient taking all the medications. 4. The nurse should review the hospital protocol regarding the medication administration. Correct: 2 Chapter 4 Question 1 Type: MCSA A nurse educator is teaching pharmacokinetics to the pharmacology class. What statement, made by a student, would show the class understands this term? 1. “Pharmacokinetics describes how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.” 2. “Pharmacokinetics is how drugs activate specific receptors.” 3. “Pharmacokinetics is what a drug does to the body.” 4. “Pharmacokinetics is the efficacy of a drug.” Correct Answer: 1 Question 2 Type: MCSA What is the first step in drug transport? 1. Metabolism 2. Distribution 3. Excretion 4. Absorption Correct Answer: 4 Question 3 Type: MCSA The nurse educator is describing the process by which drugs are transported after they have been absorbed or administered directly into the bloodstream. Which response by the student indicates understanding of the process? 1. This process is metabolism. 27 | P a g e2. This process is administration. 3. This process is excretion. 4. This process is distribution. Correct Answer: 4 Question 4 Type: MCSA A client asks the nurse how medication is excreted from the body. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. The lungs are the main organ of excretion. 2. The kidney is the main organ of excretion. 3. The colon is the main organ of excretion. 4. The liver is the main organ of excretion. Correct Answer: 2 Question 5 Type: MCSA Which action will slow the absorption of a drug? 1. Taking medication earlier than prescribed 2. Taking medication with food 3. Taking medication with water 4. Taking medication before exercise Correct Answer: 2 Question 6 Type: MCSA What occurs when a medication binds to a plasma protein? 1. The drug is working at its full potential. 2. The drug is in the process of being excreted by the body. 3. The drug is unable to reach its target cells. 4. The drug has reached its target cells. Correct Answer: 3 Question 7 Type: MCSA A client takes two medications at the same time. Why might the action of one drug be intensified 28 | P a g ewhen this occurs? 1. Neither drug will bind to any plasma protein receptors, and the effect of the more potent drug will be intensified. 2. A client must never take two medications at the same time. 3. The drugs bind together, and the effect of the more potent drug is intensified. 4. Both drugs compete for the plasma protein receptors, and one drug will displace the other. Correct Answer: 3 Question 8 Type: MCSA Which organ contains anatomical barriers that limit some drugs from gaining access? 1. Kidney 2. Liver 3. Brain 4. Heart Correct Answer: 3 Question 9 Type: MCSA What is not a barrier to distribution of medications? 1. Blood-brain barrier 2. Blood-testicular barrier 3. Blood-placental barrier 4. Blood-lung barrier Correct Answer: 4 Question 10 Type: MCMA First-pass effect can result in a large fraction of an administered drug being metabolically deactivated. Which client factors will decrease the magnitude of the first-pass effect? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Elderly client 29 | P a g e2. Hepatic disease 3. Gallbladder disease 4. Renal disease 5. Parenteral medication administration Correct Answer: 1, 2 Question 11 Type: MCMA Drug metabolism can be affected by which factors? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Kidney disease 2. Age 3. Liver disease 4. Genetics Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Question 12 Type: MCSA The nurse wants to discuss the biotransformation reaction to a student. What is the best explanation by the nurse? 1. Biotransformation reactions are the chemical conversion of drugs from one form to another that may result in increased or decreased activity. 2. Biotransformation is the final step in excretion of a drug from the body. 3. Biotransformation does not change the effect of a drug. 4. Biotransformation is the process of absorption. Correct Answer: 1 Question 13 Type: MCSA A student nurse asks the charge nurse the definition of a prodrug. What is the best response by the charge nurse? 1. A prodrug is a brand name drug. 2. A prodrug is not absorbed by the body. 3. A prodrug is the first drug developed in a drug class. 4. A prodrug requires metabolism to make it active. 30 | P a g eCorrect Answer: 4 Question 14 Type: MCMA A nurse is conducting an in-service for students regarding drug excretion. Which responses by the students indicate an understanding where drug excretion occurs? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Breast milk 2. Urine 3. Gastric juice 4. Feces 5. Lungs Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5 Question 15 Type: MCMA The nurse is educating a client regarding the effects of kidney damage and medications. Which statements by the nurse are appropriate regarding this topic? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Kidney damage can significantly shorten drug action. 2. Kidney damage does not cause adverse reactions. 3. Kidney damage is a common cause of adverse reactions. 4. Kidney damage can significantly prolong drug action. 5. Kidney damage decreases the metabolism of drugs. Correct Answer: 3, 4 Question 16 Type: MCSA Which method of drug excretion excretes most drugs in their original, unmetabolized form? 1. Exhalation 2. Defecation 3. Sweating 4. Urination Correct Answer: 1 31 | P a g eQuestion 17 Type: MCSA The nurse educator is planning to teach a group of pharmacology students about enterohepatic recirculation. What should the educator include in the presentation? 1. Enterohepatic recirculation involves the kidneys. 2. Enterohepatic recirculation results in prolonged drug action. 3. Enterohepatic recirculation results in decreased drug action. 4. Enterohepatic recirculation does not affect drug action. Correct Answer: 2 Question 18 Type: MCSA What is an indicator of how long a drug will produce its effect in the body? 1. Potency 2. Bioavailability 3. Half-life (t1/2) 4. Efficacy Correct Answer: 3 Question 19 Type: MCSA What is the correct term for the length of time for a drug concentration to decrease by half? 1. Onset of action 2. Metabolism 3. Half-life 4. Distribution Correct Answer: 3 32 | P a g eQuestion 20 Type: MCSA What phrase best describes pharmacodynamics? 1. The potency of a drug 2. What the body does to a drug 3. How a drug exerts its effects 4. The efficacy of a drug Correct Answer: 3 Question 21 Type: MCSA Which definition describes a receptor? 1. A cell component to which a drug binds in a dose-dependent manner 2. Present only in the drug’s target tissue 3. Required to drug action 4. Analogous to the “key” in the lock-and-key model of drug–receptor interaction Correct Answer: 1 Question 22 Type: MCSA What is the action of a drug antagonist? 1. It facilitates cell action. 2. It does not bind with receptors. 3. It blocks the actions of an agonist. 4. It has no therapeutic benefit. Correct Answer: 3 Question 23 Type: MCSA Drug A produces a certain therapeutic effect at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Drug B produces the same magnitude of effect at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. How would the nurse describe the action of Drug A when compared to Drug B? 33 | P a g e1. Drug A is more efficacious. 2. Drug A is less efficacious. 3. Drug A is more potent. 4. Drug A is less potent. Correct Answer: 4 Question 24 Type: MCSA Codeine has a greater maximal ability to suppress cough when compared with dextromethorphan. What is the most appropriate description of codeine when compared to dextromethorphan? 1. Codeine is more efficacious. 2. Codeine is less potent. 3. Codeine is more potent. 4. Codeine is less efficacious. Correct Answer: 1 Question 25 Type: MCMA What factors can affect drug absorption? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Blood pressure 2. Laboratory values 3. Heart rate 4. Weight Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 Type: MCMA Which factors influence the effectiveness of drug therapy? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 1. Food–drug interactions 2. Excretion rate 3. Concentration of drug 34 | P a g e4. Gender Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 Chapter 4 Question 1 Type: MCSA A nurse educator is teaching pharmacokinetics to the pharmacology class. What statement, made by a student, would show the class understands this term? 5. “Pharmacokinetics describes how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.” 6. “Pharmacokinetics is how drugs activate specific receptors.” 7. “Pharmacokinetics is what a drug does to the body.” 8. “Pharmacokinetics is the efficacy of a drug.” Correct Answer: 1 Question 2 Type: MCSA What is the first step in drug transport? 5. Metabolism 6. Distribution 7. Excretion 8. Absorption Correct Answer: 4 Type: MCSA The nurse educator is describing the process by which drugs are transported after they have been absorbed or administered directly into the bloodstream. Which response by the student indicates understanding of the process? 5. This process is metabolism. 6. This process is administration. 7. This process is excretion. 8. This process is distribution. Correct Answer: 4 35 | P a g eQuestion 4 Type: MCSA A client asks the nurse how medication is excreted from the body. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 5. The lungs are the main organ of excretion. 6. The kidney is the main organ of excretion. 7. The colon is the main organ of excretion. 8. The liver is the main organ of excretion. Correct Answer: 2 Question 5 Type: MCSA Which action will slow the absorption of a drug? 5. Taking medication earlier than prescribed 6. Taking medication with food 7. Taking medication with water 8. Taking medication before exercise Correct Answer: 2 Question 6 Type: MCSA What occurs when a medication binds to a plasma protein? 5. The drug is working at its full potential. 6. The drug is in the process of being excreted by the body. 7. The drug is unable to reach its target cells. 8. The drug has reached its target cells. Correct Answer: 3 Question 7 Type: MCSA A client takes two medications at the same time. Why might the action of one drug be intensified when this occurs? 5. Neither drug will bind to any plasma protein receptors, and the effect of the more potent drug will be intensified. 36 | P a g e6. A client must never take two medications at the same time. 7. The drugs bind together, and the effect of the more potent drug is intensified. 8. Both drugs compete for the plasma protein receptors, and one drug will displace the other. Correct Answer: 3 Question 8 Type: MCSA Which organ contains anatomical barriers that limit some drugs from gaining access? 5. Kidney 6. Liver 7. Brain 8. Heart Correct Answer: 3 Question 9 Type: MCSA What is not a barrier to distribution of medications? 5. Blood-brain barrier 6. Blood-testicular barrier 7. Blood-placental barrier 8. Blood-lung barrier Correct Answer: 4 Question 10 Type: MCMA First-pass effect can result in a large fraction of an administered drug being metabolically deactivated. Which client factors will decrease the magnitude of the first-pass effect? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 6. Elderly client 7. Hepatic disease 8. Gallbladder disease 9. Renal disease 10. Parenteral medication administration 37 | P a g eCorrect Answer: 1, 2 Question 11 Type: MCMA Drug metabolism can be affected by which factors? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 5. Kidney disease 6. Age 7. Liver disease 8. Genetics Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Question 12 Type: MCSA The nurse wants to discuss the biotransformation reaction to a student. What is the best explanation by the nurse? 5. Biotransformation reactions are the chemical conversion of drugs from one form to another that may result in increased or decreased activity. 6. Biotransformation is the final step in excretion of a drug from the body. 7. Biotransformation does not change the effect of a drug. 8. Biotransformation is the process of absorption. Correct Answer: 1 Question 13 Type: MCSA A student nurse asks the charge nurse the definition of a prodrug. What is the best response by the charge nurse? 5. A prodrug is a brand name drug. 6. A prodrug is not absorbed by the body. 7. A prodrug is the first drug developed in a drug class. 8. A prodrug requires metabolism to make it active. Correct Answer: 4 Question 14 Type: MCMA 38 | P a g eA nurse is conducting an in-service for students regarding drug excretion. Which responses by the students indicate an understanding where drug excretion occurs? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 6. Breast milk 7. Urine 8. Gastric juice 9. Feces 10. Lungs Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5 Question 15 Type: MCMA The nurse is educating a client regarding the effects of kidney damage and medications. Which statements by the nurse are appropriate regarding this topic? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. 6. Kidney damage can significantly shorten drug action. 7. Kidney damage does not cause adverse reactions. 8. Kidney damage is a common cause of adverse reactions. 9. Kidney damage can significantly prolong drug action. 10. Kidney damage decreases the metabolism of drugs. Correct Answer: 3, 4 Question 16 Type: MCSA Which method of drug excretion excretes most drugs in their original, unmetabolized form? 5. Exhalation 6. Defecation 7. Sweating 8. Urination Correct Answer: 1 Question 17 Type: MCSA The nurse educator is planning to teach a group of pharmacology students about enterohepatic recirculation. What should the educator include in the presentation? 39 | P a g e5. Enterohepatic recirculation involves the kidneys. 6. Enterohepatic recirculation results in prolonged drug action. 7. Enterohepatic recirculation results in decreased drug action. 8. Enterohepatic recirculation does not affect drug action. Correct Answer: 2 Question 18 Type: MCSA What is an indicator of how long a drug will produce its effect in the body? 5. Potency 6. Bioavailability 7. Half-life (t1/2) 8. Efficacy Correct Answer: 3 Question 19 Type: MCSA What is the correct term for the length of time for a drug concentration to decrease by half? 5. Onset of action 6. Metabolism 7. Half-life 8. Distribution Correct Answer: 3 Question 20 Type: MCSA What phrase best describes pharmacodynamics? 5. The potency of a drug 40 | P a g e6. What the body does to a drug 7. How a drug exerts its effects 8. The efficacy of a drug Correct Answer: 3 Question 21 Type: MCSA Which definition describes a receptor? 5. A cell component to which a drug binds in a dose-dependent manner 6. Present only in the drug’s target tissue 7. Required to drug action 8. Analogous to the “key” in the lock-and-key model of drug–receptor interaction Correct Answer: 1 Question 22 Type: MCSA What is the action of a drug antagonist? 5. It facilitates cell action. 6. It does not bind with receptors. 7. It blocks the actions of an agonist. 8. It has no therapeutic benefit. Correct Answer: 3 Question 23 Type: MCSA Drug A produces a certain therapeutic effect at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Drug B produces the same magnitude of effect at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. How would the nurse describe the action of Drug A when compared to Drug B? 5. Drug A is more efficacious. 6. Drug A is less efficacious.