Advanced Pharmacology 2023/2024 already passed

Advanced Pharmacology average A1C goal - correct answer <7% recommended insulin strategy - correct answer basal/bolus (long-acting glargine/detemir + rapid acting around meals) - mimics natural insulin release pregnancy A1C goal - correct answer <6% why is A1C goal lower in pregnancy - correct answer increased RBC turnover A1C goal in elderly - correct answer <7.5-8.5% perioperative BG goal - correct answer 110-140 how does insulin affect potassium - correct answer stimulates Na/K ATPase that moves potassium into the cells - causes hypokalemia drug interactions with insulin - correct answer - hypoglycemic agents - sulfonylureas, glinides, ETOH - hyperglycemic agents - thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids, sympathomimetics - beta blockers - mask hypoglycemia symptoms rapid acting insulin types - correct answer lispro, aspart, glulisine consideration for inhaled insulin - correct answer must be used in combination with injectable long acting insulin rapid acting insulin - onset - correct answer 10-30 min rapid acting insulin - peak - correct answer 0.5-1 hr rapid acting insulin - duration - correct answer 3-5 hrs regular insulin - onset - correct answer 30-60 min regular insulin - peak - correct answer 1-5 hrs regular insulin - duration - correct answer 6-19 hrs when to give regular insulin - correct answer 30 min before meals NPH insulin type - correct answer intermediate duration insulin NPH insulin - onset - correct answer 60-120 min NPH insulin - peak - correct answer 6-14 hrs NPH insulin - duration - correct answer 16-24 hrs when to give NPH insulin - correct answer BID long duration insulin types - correct answer glargine, detemir long duration insulin - onset - correct answer 70-120 min long duration insulin - peak - correct answer 12-24 hrs long duration insulin - duration - correct answer 18-24 hrs