CETP - Aphasia Exam Questions With Complete Answers.

Aphasia - A neurologically based language disorder -A loss or impairment of language caused by recent brain injury -All, some, or one of the following may be impaired: Verbal expression, auditory comprehension, reading, writing What is the most common cause of aphasia? - Stroke Ischemic stroke - -Stroke caused by a blocked or interrupted blood supply to the brain Thrombus vs embolus - Thrombus: A collection of blood material that blocks the flow of blood Embolus: Travelling mass of arterial debris or clump of tissue from a tumour that gets lodged in a smaller artery and blocks the flow of blood Hemorrhagic Stroke - -Caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels -Ruptures can be intracerebral (within the brain) or extracerebral (within the meninges, resulting in subarachnoid, subdural, and epidural varieties of stroke) T/F: Communication disorders caused by progressive neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, can be classified as aphasia - FALSE -These progressive communication disorders cannot be classified as aphasia Non-fluent Aphasia - -Characterized by limited, agrammatic, effortful, halting, and slow speech with impaired prosody Damage to Broca's area (Brodmann's areas 44 and 45) in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere of the brain generally leads to this type of aphasia... - Broca's AphasiaBroca's area is supplied by this artery - -Upper division of the middle cerebral artery T/F: Patients with damage limited to Broca's area tend to recover soon, whereas those with more extensive damage (e.g., to the arcuate fasciculus, sensory motor area) tend to have more long-lasting and more severe non-fluent aphasia - True Broca's aphasia characteristics - Overall: -Expression: Impaired -Comprehension: Relatively spared -Repetition: Impaired Specific: -Non-fluent, effortful, slow, halting, and uneven speech -Limited word output; short phrases and sentences -Misarticulated or distorted speech sounds -Agrammatic or telegraphic speech (often limited to nouns and verbs, with omissions of articles, conjunctions, and prepositions) -Impaired repetition of words and sentences, especially the grammatical elements of a sentence -Impaired naming, especially confrontation naming -Rarely normal, but better auditory comprehension of spoken language than production -Difficulty in understanding syntactic structures -Poor oral reading and poor comprehension of material that has been read -Writing problems -Monotonous speech T/F: Patient's with Broca's aphasia may exhibit apraxia of speech and/or dysarthria - True T/F: People with Broca's aphasia may have right-sided paralysis or paresis - True