CRNA Practice Test anatomy & physiology Exam with Revised Q
& A 2023/2024
Nucleus is separated by... correct answers separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
cytoplasm is separated by... and where is it? correct answers separated from the extracellular fluid by
the plasma membrane and lies OUTSIDE the nucleus
what is protoplasm made up of? correct answers water, carbohydrates, electrolytes, proteins, lipids
what is protoplasm? correct answers all the living matter of a cell
where is nucleoplasm? correct answers lies inside the nucleus
what happens in the nucleus (2) correct answers site of RNA synthesis and control center for the cell
what is cytoplasm..where is it? correct answers It surrounds the nucleus and where the work of the cell
takes place, embedded in the cytoplasm are all the organelles that function of organs of the cell.
ribosomes correct answers where protein synthesis takes place
golgi apparatus correct answers stacks of thin flattened vesicles of sacks that modifies stored substances
and packages them into granules or vesicles.
endoplasmic reticulum (overall) correct answers functions as tubular communication through which
substances can be transported from one part of the cell to another
smooth ER correct answers site of lipoprotein and steroid hormone synthesis
rough ER correct answers studded with ribosomes- synthesize proteins and lysosomal enzymes
lysosomes what are they correct answers the digestive system of the cell that contain hydrolases
(digestive enzyme)
function of lysosomes correct answers they use hydrolytic enzymes to break down worn out parts of the
cell and break down foreign substances such as bacteria
primary lysosomes correct answers lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes that have not entered the
digestive process
secondary lysosomes correct answers those in which the hydrolytic enzymes have been activated and
the chemical process of degradation has begun
peroxisomes correct answers They control the free radicals
contain enzymes that degredade peroxides ex: alcohol detoxified by acetaldehyde
, they use OXIDASES not hydrolases
mitochondria correct answers powerhouse of the cell
transform organic compounds into energy
ENERGY NOT made here only extracted
contain their own DNA and are self replicating
what is the cytoskeleton? function? correct answers a network of fibrillar proteins organized into
filaments or tubules.
not only determine shape of cell but participate in CELL division
what are microtubules? correct answers slender tubular structures composed of globular proteins called
tubulin
What is the function of microtubules?(3) correct answers 1.develope and maintain cell form
2.participate in intracellular transport
3. form the basic structure of several structural organelles INCLUDING cilia and FLAGELLA.
cilia correct answers identical core of microtubules as flagella, move in whiplike motions and extend
from the ciliary body
flagella correct answers identical core of microtubules as cilia, move in quasi-sinusoidal and are longer
than cilia
chemotaxis correct answers appearance of a chemical that initiates the movement of ameboid (ex:
movement of sperm)
microfilaments are.. correct answers thin threadlike cytoplasmic structures
thin microfilaments correct answers equivalent to thin actin in muscle
intermediate microfilaments correct answers aid in supporting and maintaining the asymmetric shape of
cells
thick myosin (microfilament) correct answers also present in muscle cells but may exist temporarily in
other cells
functions of cell membrane (4) correct answers 1.semipermeable structure that separates intracellular
from extracellular
2.provides receptors for hormones and other biologically active substances
3. participates in electrical events that occur in the nerve and muscle
4.aids in regulation of cell growth and proliferation
what are most of the specific functions of the cell membrane carried out by? correct answers proteins
& A 2023/2024
Nucleus is separated by... correct answers separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
cytoplasm is separated by... and where is it? correct answers separated from the extracellular fluid by
the plasma membrane and lies OUTSIDE the nucleus
what is protoplasm made up of? correct answers water, carbohydrates, electrolytes, proteins, lipids
what is protoplasm? correct answers all the living matter of a cell
where is nucleoplasm? correct answers lies inside the nucleus
what happens in the nucleus (2) correct answers site of RNA synthesis and control center for the cell
what is cytoplasm..where is it? correct answers It surrounds the nucleus and where the work of the cell
takes place, embedded in the cytoplasm are all the organelles that function of organs of the cell.
ribosomes correct answers where protein synthesis takes place
golgi apparatus correct answers stacks of thin flattened vesicles of sacks that modifies stored substances
and packages them into granules or vesicles.
endoplasmic reticulum (overall) correct answers functions as tubular communication through which
substances can be transported from one part of the cell to another
smooth ER correct answers site of lipoprotein and steroid hormone synthesis
rough ER correct answers studded with ribosomes- synthesize proteins and lysosomal enzymes
lysosomes what are they correct answers the digestive system of the cell that contain hydrolases
(digestive enzyme)
function of lysosomes correct answers they use hydrolytic enzymes to break down worn out parts of the
cell and break down foreign substances such as bacteria
primary lysosomes correct answers lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes that have not entered the
digestive process
secondary lysosomes correct answers those in which the hydrolytic enzymes have been activated and
the chemical process of degradation has begun
peroxisomes correct answers They control the free radicals
contain enzymes that degredade peroxides ex: alcohol detoxified by acetaldehyde
, they use OXIDASES not hydrolases
mitochondria correct answers powerhouse of the cell
transform organic compounds into energy
ENERGY NOT made here only extracted
contain their own DNA and are self replicating
what is the cytoskeleton? function? correct answers a network of fibrillar proteins organized into
filaments or tubules.
not only determine shape of cell but participate in CELL division
what are microtubules? correct answers slender tubular structures composed of globular proteins called
tubulin
What is the function of microtubules?(3) correct answers 1.develope and maintain cell form
2.participate in intracellular transport
3. form the basic structure of several structural organelles INCLUDING cilia and FLAGELLA.
cilia correct answers identical core of microtubules as flagella, move in whiplike motions and extend
from the ciliary body
flagella correct answers identical core of microtubules as cilia, move in quasi-sinusoidal and are longer
than cilia
chemotaxis correct answers appearance of a chemical that initiates the movement of ameboid (ex:
movement of sperm)
microfilaments are.. correct answers thin threadlike cytoplasmic structures
thin microfilaments correct answers equivalent to thin actin in muscle
intermediate microfilaments correct answers aid in supporting and maintaining the asymmetric shape of
cells
thick myosin (microfilament) correct answers also present in muscle cells but may exist temporarily in
other cells
functions of cell membrane (4) correct answers 1.semipermeable structure that separates intracellular
from extracellular
2.provides receptors for hormones and other biologically active substances
3. participates in electrical events that occur in the nerve and muscle
4.aids in regulation of cell growth and proliferation
what are most of the specific functions of the cell membrane carried out by? correct answers proteins
