Correct Q & A 2023/2024 APPROVED
What is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction? correct answers The tongue and jaw
relaxation occluding the posterior oropharynx
List important adjuncts often needed to help establish basic airway control: correct answers Suction
equipment to remove secretions from mouth and throat, chin lift-jaw thrust maneuver, oral/nasal
airway, bag-valve mask device and mouth-to-mask ventilation device.
What are the main indications for endotracheal intubation? correct answers To address insufficient
respiratory effort, inadequate airway potency, to protect the airway, or improve oxygenation.
Examples: apnea or hypoventilation, burns, inhalational injury, acute airway obstruction, expanding neck
hematoma, hemodynamic instability, loss of protective reflexes, severe head injuries and tracheal toilet.
Does tracheal intubation prevent aspiration? correct answers Not absolutely. Micro aspiration can still
occur.
What are the possible deleterious effects of succinylcholine? correct answers Increased intraocular (no
extrusion of eye contents ever reported) and intracranial pressure (debatable). Increase in intragastric
pressure is offset by increase in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone. The patient is only at increased
risk of aspiration if the LES is incompetent.
Hyperkalemia
Anaphylaxis
What maneuver should be performed during tracheal intubation in a patient with a full stomach? correct
answers Slice's maneuver (firm pressure over the cricoid cartilage, which collapses the esophagus and
prevents passively regurgitated gastric fluid from reaching the hypo pharynx).
What is the correct position of the tip of the endotracheal tube? correct answers Approximately 4 cm
above the carina.
What are the two contraindications to nasotracheal intubation? correct answers Maxillofacial trauma
(basilar skull fracture) and coagulopathy.
What is the most complication of nasotracheal intubation correct answers Epistaxis
How long can a patient be supported with needle jet insufflation until an airway can be secured? correct
answers Approximately 45 to 60 mins
What limits the use of needle jet insufflation as an airway? correct answers Hypercapnia, due to
inadequate ventilation.