USAHS Neuro Exam 1 Questions & Answers Solved 100%

Apraxia - Answer inability to make a motor plan, as a result of brain damage. lesions affect the frontal or left parietal lobe, can produce abnormalities in motor conceptualization, planning, and execution. Ataxia - Answer lack of muscle coordination lesions in the cerebellum lead to disorders in coordination and balance. aphasia - Answer inability to speak Aphasia-sensory aphasia-Wernicke's aphasia - Answer impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). Wernicke's aphasia - Answer the condition resulting from damage to Wernicke's area, (temporal lobe) causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language - Broca's aphasia - Answer condition resulting from damage to Broca's area, causing the affected person to be unable to speak fluently, to mispronounce words, and to speak haltingly Broca's area - Answer Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. CN 1 olfactory - Answer Test: Making client smell something pleasant What is being tested: imbalances in neurotransmitter systems, -nasal construction, damage to olfactory nerves, lesions affecting olfactory bulbs front of brain CN II optic - Answer Test: Examine both retinas with an ophthalmoscope. thalamus - test visual acuity (Snellen chart, or # of fingers), Test color vision- red desaturation Test visual fields- report when a finger can be seen moving Test Visual extinction- how many fingers they see What is being tested: vision retinas, damage to the visual cortex, deficits in visual fields of eyes front of brain CN III Oculomotor - Answer thalamus - looking up, in, and left to right without moving head Test: extraocular movements- looking all directions without moving head, and ask if they see double vision What is being tested: abnormalities in muscles or CN III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, VI-abducens), deficits of the brainstem and cortex that control eye movements midbrain structure CN IV Trochlear - Answer Test: extraocular movements- looking all directions without moving head, and ask if they see double vision What is being tested: extraocular movements (eye movements) -abnormalities in muscles or CN III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, VI-abducens), deficits of the brainstem and cortex that control eye movements is a midbrain structure - cross-eyes into the nose CN V Trigeminal - Answer pons - - Dull vs light sensation in Ophthalmic (forehead) Maxillary (Cheek)Mandibular (Jawline) - Have the patient open and close mouth (feel around the temporomandibular joint) -Corneal reflex -Jaw jerk reflex What is being tested: facial sensation and muscles of mastication -Deficits/lesions of the trigeminal nerve or trigeminal sensory nuclei in the brainstem pons CN VI Abducens - Answer looking laterally (left and right) What is being tested: Extraocular movement -eye movement - abnormalities in muscles or CN III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, VI-abducens), deficits of the brainstem and cortex that control eye movements pons CN VII Facial - Answer controls most facial expressions secretion of tears & saliva taste What is being tested: facial expressions (facial weakness) and taste (lesions in lateral medulla -nucleus solitarius or facial nerve) pons - Test facial symmetry - Taste on anterior 2/3 of the tongue (lateral aspect side of the tongue) smile - wrinkle forehead CN VIII Vestibulocochlear - Answer Test: Whisper test - Rinne Test - Weber Test, hearing and equilibrium What is being tested: hearing and vestibular sense -hearing loss pons (acoustic) CN IX Glossopharyngeal - Answer Test: patient's speech hoarse, slurred, low or high pitched. What is being tested: muscle of articulation -abnormal articulation of speech can occur in lesions involving muscles of articulation medulla - Gag reflex- Taste on posterior 1/3 of the tongue - not gagging is a sign of lesion CN X Vagus - Answer What is being tested: muscle of articulation -abnormal articulation of speech can occur in lesions involving muscles of articulation medulla - - Say "aah" - Talk to see if uvula deviates to one side CN XI Spinal Accessory - Answer What is being tested: Sternomastoid and trapezius muscles -weakness can cause lesions in the muscles controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements spinal cord - shoulder shrug against resistance medulla CN XII Hypoglossal - Answer What is being tested: muscles of articulation medulla - stick tongue straight out - will deviate if there is a lesion checking the tongue, side to side, lifting up.