CSET Multiple Subject Subtest 1: History and Social Science World History Set Rated A

CSET Multiple Subject Subtest 1: History and Social Science World History Set Rated A The Near East Comprised the Tigris & Euphrates Valley, the Fertile Crescent, and The Nile Valley. They had the first system of independent states and writing. Architectural achievements are the ziggurat & pyramid. the first codification of law. the first lasting monotheism. The Summarians creators of the Mesopotamia civiliztion. Large scale irrigation projects, advanced system of mathematics and the invention of the wheel. Ziggurat a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians and was the center of community life. The Babalonians The Hitties, the Assyrians, Chaldeans, and the Phoenicians. Centralized Government and advancements in algebra and geometry. The Code of Hammurabi a collection of laws covering crimes, farming, business activities, and marriage and family. Many of the punishments were cruel, but the code was an important step in the development of a justice system The Hittites B.C. conquered much of Asia Minor & northern Mesopotamia; a major contribution included the invention of iron smelting, which revolutionized warfare. The Assyrians created an empire based on military superiority, conquest, and terrorism (911-550 B.C.) -Military techniques included siege warfare, intimidation, and the use of iron weapons. Created a centralized government, a postal service, an extensive library, and a system of highways. The Chaldeans Established the new Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar (605-538 B.C.)-Conquered Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine Developed astrology, astronomy, advanced government bureaucracy, and architectural achievements such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Persians -Attempted to unify the entire Near East under one rule (500s B.C.) -Established an international government -Zoroastrianism, an ethical religion based on concepts of good and evil -Failed to conquer the Greeks; Persia was eventually conquered by Alexander the Great (334-331 B.C.) The Phoenicians -Became the first explorers, traders, and colonizers of the ancient world; their civilization reached its peak in 1000 B.C. -Greatest seafaring civilization in the ancient world -Developed extensive trade networks throughout the Mediterranean and set up distant trade networks and trading colonies such as Tyre and Sidon -Invented the first true alphabet -Dominated the Mediterranean commerce and exported manufactured glass and purple dye (royal purple) The Lydians -Occupied western Asia Minor (500s B.C.) -Their culture reached its zenith under King Croesus (Golden King) -Were responsible for the first coinage of money The Israelites -Established the first lasting monotheism -Saul established the first kingdom in Palestine (c. B.C.) -After the death of Solomon (922 B.C.), the Hebrews were divided into two kingdoms (Israel and Judah) -Disunity and conquest resulted in the destruction of Israel (722 B.C.) and Judah (586 B.C.) -The revolt of the Israelites against Rome resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem (A.D. 70) and the forced dispersal of the Jews from Palestine (Jewish Diaspora, c. A.D. 132-135) The Egyptians establishe a civiliztion in the Nile Valley. Egyptian History Old Kingdom (massive pyramids) Middle kingdom New kingdom (gets agressive) Egyptian