TEXAS A&M BIOLOGY 111 {LAB PRACTICAL #1} WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS

Dissecting Microscope? -Stage is much larger - Incident lighting(Stage light and Light from above) Compound Microscope? -Allows for greater magnification. -Has more rotating noses up to 40x Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:03 / 0:15 Full screen Independent Variable? Manipulated Variable. Changed on purpose in an experiment. Dependent Variable? Variable that is not under the experimenter's control. Variable that is observed and measured in response to the independent variable. Controlled Variable? A variable that is held constant or whose impact is removed in order to analyze the relationships between other variables without interference, or within subgroups of the control variable. Water is a Polar Molecule? A molecule that has a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other. EX: H2O Cohesion? Holds hydrogen bonds together to create surface tension on water. Adhesion? The force of attraction that causes two different substances to join. How is pH measured? pH sensitive glass electrode, a reference electrode, and a pH meter. How to calculate H+? 10-E number of M. How calculate OH-? 14 - pH = What is the function of the Dialysis tube? Acts as an intestine. 4 way that molecular transport across the plasma membrane? Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, and Active Transport. Functional group of Saccharide? Carbonyl Group - Aldehyde and Ketone Functional group of Lipid? Carboxyl and Carbonyl Group Functional group of Amino Acid? Carboxyl and Amino Group What is the result of the Sudan IV Test? Positive result: A cloudy emulsion of dispersed lipid droplets. -Sudan Stain is red droplets. What is the result of the Benedict's Test? Reacts with double bonded oxygen atom in Aldehyde and Ketone group. Pale Blue - None Green - Low Brown - Intermediate Orange/Red - High What is the result of the Lugol's Test? A linear triiodide ion complex slips into the center of the amylose helix. Positive test - Intense Blue-Black Color What is the result of the Biuret Test? Negative results in a Pale Blue. Positive results in Pink or Violet. The more the number, the greater the number of peptide bonds. Why different lipid can be separate?(Lipid Chromatogram) Different lipids can separate because of polarity. The most nonpolar molecules get the farthest. What is the nature of Enzyme? Catalyzes reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy. What is the Active Site? Part of enzyme that attaches to substrate by means of weak chemical bonds. Combine enzyme and substrate. Why Enzyme can speed up reaction? That's the job of the enzyme. Has the necessary properties in order to speed up the reactions. What factors affect enzyme activity? Enzyme Concentration, Substrate Concentration, pH, and Temperature. Spectrophotometer/Absorbance? Tracks the changing concentration of the solute in the progress of a reaction. What is a blank? A negative control that contains everything your sample tubes contain except the solute molecule that you're trying to measure the concentration of. Eukaryotic Cell? -Membrane-bound organelles. -Contains on the Nucleus. -Mitochondria, provides energy organisms need -Chloroplasts, Manufacture carbohydrates life depends on. Prokaryotic Cell? - First form of life to appear on Earth. - Includes the Domains Bacteria and Archaea. -Single Celled. -Microscopic in size. -DNA is loosely concentrated in the nucleoid region of the cell. -Cellular functions take place in the cytosol/cytoplasm. Animal Cell? -Nuclear membrane & Nucleus enclose DNA. -Internal membrane system, Mitochondria, Golgi Complexes, and Endoplasmic Reticulum. -Non-membrane bound structures Ribosomes, Centrioles, Microtubules, and Microfilaments. -Cytosol, protein-rich jellylike fluid, Plant Cell? -Vacuole stores water, pigments, and wastes. -Plastids: Chloroplasts, Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts -Cell Wall: Protective, Composed of cellulose, outside the plasma membrane. Coccus, Bacillus, and Spirillum Bacteria? -Coccus: Round, Staphylococcus Aureus -Bacillus: Rod- Shaped, Escherichia Coli -Spirillum: Spiral-Shaped, Spirillum Volutans. Gram Staining based on structure of bacteria? Gram Positive-Thick: Wall made of Peptiglycan shows as Blue-Purple Gram Negative- Thin: Wall made of Peptigylcan shows as Pink. Have an Outer Membrane. What is Glycolysis? Converts glucose to 2 Pyruvates. What is Fermentation? The primary source of ATP synthesis is the absence of oxygen. Where does Glycolysis occur and what does it produce? In the cell cytoplasm and produces 2 Pyruvates. Where does Fermentation occur and what does it produce? In the cytosol and produces Pyruvates into lactic acid or ethanol and 2 ATPs. What does DPIP test? The conversion of succinate to fumarate. What does TTC test for? Electron Transport in living cells. DPIP in relation to Kreb's Cycle? DPIP is colorless in its reduced state TTC: in relation to ETC? TTC is red if the ETC is functional. Competitive inhibitor and Non-competitive inhibitor? Malonate is competitive ad Succinate is Non-competitive. Figure 6-4 what is it? What's the product? Blue in Alkaline