NURS 309 Exam #1 Study Guide 2024 (All Accurate 100%)

Identify characteristics of evidence-based practice. correct answers -1850s: historical evolution of "research" evidence began w/ Florence Nightingale -best evidence from critical review of literature (research articles) -clinical expertise -patient preferences -clinical knowledge (physical assessment) Identify characteristics of diagnostic reasoning. correct answers -attend to available cues (pick up on pieces of info pt. gives you) >ex: pt. alert and oriented when first came in, now confused and clammy -formulate diagnostic hypothesis (make a guess about what is happening) >ex: pt. diabetic, maybe low blood sugar? -gather data relative to hypothesis >ex: take blood sugar -evaluate each hypothesis w/ new data collected to arrive at final diagnosis >ex: give orange juice and food, see if blood sugar went up and plan worked Identify characteristics of nursing process. correct answers -Assessment: collect all info, health hx, diet assessment, risk assessment -Diagnosis: cluster data, identify what pt. needs are -Outcome Identification: if pt. has impaired skin integrity, outcome is to have reduction/healing of wound -Planning: set timeline, specific type of dressing, reposition frequently -Implementation: document what you do, coordinate w/ other HC workers -evaluation: see if it is working, sometimes they don't work and need to come up w/ different plan Identify characteristics of critical thinking. correct answers -novice: starting out in learning, uses rules to guide performance -competent: building on 2-3 years of clinical experience, see actions in context of pt. goals or plans -proficient: adding time to experience, understands pt. situation as a whole rather than individual parts - apply long term goals -expert: attained mastery of an area of learning, performs clinical judgement using ituitive analysis What different types of data should be gathered during an assessment? correct answers -complete (total health) database: all health hx, physical assessment, creating database for initial stage of care (ex: brand new pt, new hospital admit) -focused (problem-centered) database: if pt. has specific problem (ex: rash - do assessment/database for particular problem) -follow-up database: on a problem to see if it's gotten better or worse (ex: if rash pt. back, only assess to see if improved or not)