Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th Ed. Chapter 12: Neurocognitive D/o

Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th Ed. Chapter 12: Neurocognitive D/o What are the 6 Cognitive Domains? (DSM5, p 593-595) - ANS Complex attention, Executive function, Learning and memory, Language, Perceptual motor and Social cognition This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by short-term confusion and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS Delirium What are the 4 subcategories of Delirium based on etiology? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS (1) General Medical Condition, (2) Substance Induced, (3) Multiple Causes, and (4) Other or multiple etiologies This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by severe impairment in memory, judgement, orientation and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS Dementia Major Neurocognitive disorders caused by medical conditions are classified in DSM5 as what? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS Amnestic disorders Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population 65 years and older (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANS 5% Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population older than 85 in outpatient practices (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANS 15-20% Most common type of dementia? - ANS Alzheimer's dementia (AD) Prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia among all patients with dementia? - ANS 50-60% Second most common type of Dementia? - ANS Vascular Dementia Prevalence of Vascular dementia among all patients with dementia? - ANS 15-30% Prevalence of co-existing vascular and Alzheimer's dementia? - ANS 10-15% Top 3 Dementias in general population older than 65? - ANS (1) Alzheimer's Dementia, (2) Vascular Dementia (3) Mixed Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia German psychiatrist who first described the condition that is marked by progressive memory loss most commonly seen in patient's older than 65 years of age - ANS Alois Alzheimer in year 1907 Pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's type of Dementia - ANS Amyloid deposits What are the 6 Cognitive Domains? (DSM5, p 593-595) - ANS Complex attention, Executive function, Learning and memory, Language, Perceptual motor and Social cognition This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by short-term confusion and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS Delirium What are the 4 subcategories of Delirium based on etiology? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS (1) General Medical Condition, (2) Substance Induced, (3) Multiple Causes, and (4) Other or multiple etiologies This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by severe impairment in memory, judgement, orientation and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS Dementia Major Neurocognitive disorders caused by medical conditions are classified in DSM5 as what? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANS Amnestic disorders Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population 65 years and older (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANS 5% Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population older than 85 in outpatient practices (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANS 15-20% Most common type of dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANS Alzheimer's Dementia Prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia among all patients with dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANS 50-60% Second most common type of Dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANS Vascular Dementia Prevalence of Vascular dementia among all patients with dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANS 15-30% Prevalence of co-existing vascular and Alzheimer's dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANS 10-15% Top 3 Dementias in general population older than 65? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANS (1) Alzheimer's Dementia, (2) Vascular Dementia (3) Mixed Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia German psychiatrist who first described the condition that is marked by progressive memory loss most commonly seen in patient's older than 65 years of age (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANS Alois Alzheimer in year 1907 Pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's type of Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANS Amyloid deposits Among those with Alzheimer's type of Dementia, prevalence of those with a family history of Alzheimer's Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS 40% Gene for Amyloid precursor protein is located on which chromosome? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Long arm of Chromosome 21 What is the major component of senile plaques? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Beta A4 protein: 42-protein amino acid peptide Gene responsible for increased risk to develop Alzheimer's Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS One copy E4 Gene - 3x Two copy E4 Gene - 8x" Classic gross neuroanatomical finding for Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Diffuse atrophy with flatted cortical sulci and enlarged cerebral ventricles Classic microscopic findings for Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Senile plaques, Neurofibrillary tangles, Neurolonal loss (cortex and hippocampus), synaptic loss (>50% in the cortex) and granulovascular degenerations in neurons T/F Neurofibrillary tangles are pathognomonic to Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS False. Seen in other neurologic disorders Major neurotransmitters most often implicated in the pathophysiological condition of Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine (Hypoactive) In Alzheimer's disease, there is specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons in this part of the brain (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Nucleus Basalis of Meynert In Alzheimer's disease, which part of the brain is said to have decrease in norepinephrine containing neurons (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Locus ceruleus Minor neurotransmitters most often implicated in the pathophysiological condition of Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Somatostatin and Corticotropin Heavy metal toxicity associated with Alzheimer's Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Aluminum What is the recently discovered type of dementia that shares brain abnormality with Alzheimer's disease. Symptoms include short-term memory problems with difficulty maintaining balance and walking. Onset of this disease occurs in the 40s and 50s with an average life span of 11 years (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANS Familial Multiple System Taupathy with Presenile Dementia Pathologic stain used to view fibrillar A-Beta plaques in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 707) - ANS Bielchowsky stain Other name of Vascular Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 708) - ANS Multi-infarct dementia Also known as subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, this disease that was once thought to be rare is characterized by the presence of many small infarctions of the white matter that spare cortical regions (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 708) - ANS Binswanger Disease Swiss psychiatrist who described a condition he termed as "encephalitis subcorticalis chronic progressive" (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 709) - ANS Otto Binswanger () What is the other name of this type of dementia characterized by a preponderance of atrophy in the frontotemporal regions (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 709) - ANS Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease) T/F Pick's bodies are necessary for diagnosing pick's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 709) - ANS FALSE How to clinically distinguish Pick's disease from Alzheimer's dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 709) - ANS Pick's disease has preservation of cognitive function and is characterized by personality and behavioral changes Typical age of onset for Pick's disease - ANS Before 75 years old Symptoms of this syndrome, characterized by Hypersexuality, Placidity and Hyperorality, is more commonly seen in Pick's disease than in Alzheimer's Disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 709) - ANS Kluver-Bucy Syndrome This type of dementia is clinically similar to Alzheimer's but differentiated by the presence of hallucinations, parkinsonian features and extrapyramidal signs (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 709) - ANS Lewy Body Disease Area of the brain where Lewy inclusion bodies are found (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 710) - ANS Cerebral Cortex This syndrome, often seen in Lewy body type dementia, is more commonly known as imposter syndrome (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 710) - ANS Capgras syndrome Dementia seen in the progression of this disease is characterized by more motor abnormalities and fewer language abnormalities. While this disease exhibits psychomotor slowing and difficulty with completing complex tasks while memory, language and insight remain intact. There is high incidence of depression and psychosis in addition to the classic choreoathetoid movement associated with this disorder (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 710) - ANS Huntington's Disease This American physician first described this movement disorder characterized by psychomotor slowing and choreoathetoid movements. Patients with this disorder are commonly diagnosed to have dementia, depression and psychosis. (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 711) - ANS George Huntington This movement disorder is associated with dementia and depression. 20-30% of patients with this disease have dementia. This movement disorder is characterized by slowed movements and slow thinking clinicians may refer to as bradyphenia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 711) - ANS Parkinson's Disease T/F Depressed mood is commonly associated with Subcortical type of Dementias (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 711) - ANS TRUE. Cortical dementias have euthymic moods T/F Impaired calculation is seen in early cortical dementias (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 711) - ANS TRUE. Both types will have impaired calculation but cortical dementias will manifest it early while subcortical will have early preservation. T/F Abstract thinking is preserved in subcortical dementias (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 711) - ANS FALSE. All types of dementias will have impaired abstraction 3 most common etiologies for infectious dementias (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 712) - ANS HIV Cryptococcus Treponema pallidum What is the clinical criteria for diagnosing HIV Dementia Complex - ANS "Laboratory evidence of HIV infection Abnormalities in 2 cognitive abilities for 1 month - ANS " - ANS