PNCB boards study guide questions top-rated 2024

Daily caloric requirements from birth to 6 months - 120 kcal/kg/day Daily caloric requirements from seven months to 1 year - 100 kcal/kg/day Daily caloric requirements two to 10 years - 70 to 100 kcal/kg/day Daily caloric requirements for adolescents - 45 kcal/kg/day Ideal weight gain per day for first three months of life - 30 g/day Ideal weight gain per day from 3 to 6 months - 15 to 30 g/day How much iron is needed for exclusively breast-fed infants - 1 mg/kg/day after 6 months of age How many inches should be gained per year for three year olds through school age? - 2.5 inches annually How much weight should be gained for school-aged children annually? - 5 to 7 lbs annually Who is the primary theorist for the cognitive Domain? - Jean Piaget What is the cognitive domain (Piaget) for birth to 2 years of age? - Sensorimotor: adapts inborn reflexes to environment, object permanence, simple problem-solving What is the cognitive domain (Piaget) for 11 to 15 years of age? - Formal operational thought: ability to abstract, complex problem solving, reality based What is the cognitive domain (Piaget) for 4 to 7 years of age? - Intuitive/preoperational: beginning of causation Cognitive domain (Piaget) for 7 to 11 years of age? - Concrete thinking: capable of logical thought, logical operations Cognitive domain (Piaget) for 2 to 4 years of age? - Preoperational/Preconceptual: can focus on a single aspect of a situation, no cause-and-effect reasoning, egocentricism, magical thinking Who is the primary theorist for the psychosocial domain? - Erik Erikson What is the major psychosocial stage for school-aged children (6 to 12 yrs) - Industry vs. inferiority. Achievement. What is the major psychosocial stage for infancy (birth to 1 year) - Trust vs. Mistrust What is the major psychosocial stage for preschool (3 to 6 years)? - Initiative vs. guilt What is the major psychosocial stage for Toddlers (1 to 3 yrs)? - Autonomy vs. shame and doubt What is the major psychosocial stage for adolescence (12 to 18 yrs)? - Identity vs. role confusion Who is the primary psychosexual theorist? - Sigmund Freud What is the preschool (3 to 6 yrs) stage of psychosexual development? - Phallic stage (love of opposite sex, Oedipal complex, ego development) What is the infancy stage of psychosexual development? - Oral stage. Birth to 6 months: orally passive, development of Id. Seven to 18 months (orally aggressive, teething) What is the adolescent stage of psychosexual development? - Genital stage What is the school age (6 to 12 yrs) stage of psychosexual development? - Latency stage (sexual drive repressed, socialization occrs, super ego) What is the toddler (1.5 to 3 yrs) stage of psychosexual development? - Anal stage, controlling stool What is bone age? - X-ray of tarsals and carpals determines extent of ossification (bone tissue formation) What is the Denver II? - Used from birth to 6 years of age to measure gross and fine motor development, language, and personal-social development. At what age should you achieve good head control? - 2 to 3 months At what age should a child use 2-word sentences - 18-22 months or definitely by 2 years of age At what age should a child reach for an object? - 3 to 4 months At what age should a child achieve the pincer grasp? - 8 to 10 months At what age should you roll from back to front? - 5 to 6 months At what age should you walk up and down stairs? - 22 to 24 months At what age should you say mama-dada? - 8 to 9 months At what age should you be able to point to body parts? - 15 to 18 months At what age should a child achieve hand-to-hand transfer? - 5 to 6 months At what age should a child walk? - 12 to 14 months At what age should a child sit alone? - 7 months At what age should a child laugh? - 4 to 5 months At what age should a child have a 30-50 word vocabulary? - 22 to 24 months Until what age should a child be in a rear-facing car seat? - At least one to two years of age Until what age should a child be in a separate restraint system, car seat? - 4 yrs or 40 lbs At what age does a child's brain double in size? - by 6 months Why are children at higher risk for hypoglycemia? - limited store of glycogen with higher relative metabolism Why should rotavirus not be given after 32 weeks of age? - Risk for intussusception At what age should children stop being given DtaP? - 7 years of age. Give TDap at that point. Ages to give DTaP? - 2,4,6, months and two boosters (15 mos and 6 yrs) Age to give Tdap? - 11 or 12 years Ages to give Hib? - 2, 4, 6 months and booster (12 mos) Common reasons to give PPSV23 Pneumovax vaccine? - Sickle cell, asplenia, HIV infection, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, diabetes Ages to give polio vaccine? - 2, 4, 6 months, 6 years Ages to give MMR vaccine? - 1 year and 4 to 6 years