FACS Praxis Questions and Answers Graded A

FACS Praxis Questions and Answers Graded A Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear. 3. Love and belongingness needs - friendship, intimacy, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work). 4. Esteem needs - achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others. 5. Self-Actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Proximodistal Principle a babies development proceeds from the center of the body (the core) outward to the extremities Cephalocaudal Principle a child first gains control of the head, then the arms, then the legs. (head and face in first 2 months etc...) Neuron Nerve cell Dendrite part of neuron that receives messages Myelin waxy substance that coats the axons & makes it easier to transmit Axon Parts of the neuron that transmit instructions from neuron to neuron Gross Pay The total amount earned for a pay period before any deductions are subtracted from a paycheck Net Pay The gross pay minus the deductions What is the purpose of the FTC? Government agency that focuses on consumer protection Fair Credit Reporting Act Gives consumers the right to review and correct their report Payday loan Short term loan providing immediate cash, typically secured by a borrowers written check or authorization for automatic withdrawal from the borrowers bank account Define Better Business Bureau A company that specializes in customer complaints and dishonest business practice Operant Conditioning Training where desired behavior is immediately rewarded, causing the behavior to be repeated Operant Conditioning Training where desired behavior is immediately rewarding, causing the behavior to be repeated Zone of Proximal Development a skill, problem or task that is just above a child's ordinary ability that with help can become a skill Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)thinking becomes more internal and abstract, but need support of concrete objects (elementary age) PreOperational Stage (Piaget) children use internal thought, and symbols but rely on reception and physical clues (early childhood) Industry Erik son's term for when children feel competent because of successes in and out of school. (opposite of inferiority) Psychoanalytical theory A theory that emotional development is influenced by tensions between internal desires and impulses and the demand of the outside world. Accommodation Piaget's term for a learning process where humans modify current knowledge to allow for new ideas or information Trust Erickson's term for an emotional state where children feel secure and know that basic needs will be met by caregivers Initiative Erik son's term for an emotional state where a child asserts themselves, are creative and take risks. (opposite of guilt) Formal operational stage Piaget's stage: thinking is purely abstract and not tied to the immediate physical world (adolescence and adulthood) Sensorimotor Stage Piaget's stage: children use physical action and senses (infancy) Autonomy Erik son's term for an emotional stage often acquired at toddler age when children strive to be independent and separate from parents. Cognitive Development Theory A theory that knowledge is constructed by children through active problem solving and social interaction and that language is needed for learning Psychosocial Theory A theory that humans learn new behaviors by imitating and interacting with people around them Scaffold Using language and social interaction to guide children's thinking, using hints or questions to help them build knowledge Assimilation Piaget's term for learning that takes place when people integrate new knowledge into what they already know Danger zone 40-140 Pasteurization means To kill bacteria at 165 B.F Skinner Believed that behavior could be learned or modified with the use of reinforcements (positive/ negative) Coined term operant conditioning Albert Bandura Believed that children learned through the observation of others (modeling). John Locke Believed that children were born as blank slates Jean Rousseau believed that children are born naturally "good" and were corrupted by their parents and society Friedrich Froebel Believed that children learned best throughout play. Founded kindergarten Sigmund Freud Believed that behavior problems in children were not a result of their needs NOT being met during the early stages of development (neglect) Erik Erikson Believed that personality developed through a series of 8 stages. In each stage a child has to overcome a crisis. Lawrence Kohlberg Moral development starts with the need to avoid punishment and then continues through a series of 6 stages (3 levels). Jean Piaget Divided intellectual development into 4 stages (sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal operational). In the first stage, Sensorimotor, the child learns through it's senses and body movement. Urie Bronfenbrenner Believed that the environment influences development. Created the Ecological Systems Model (Microsystem, Mesosystem, Macrosystems, Exosystem Howard Gardner Believed that everyone was intelligent in their own way. Created the 8 multiple intelligences theory. Which government agency conducts research into the causes of food borne-illness outbreaks? CDC and PHS Which government agency inspects retail and foodservice operations? State and local health departments Which government agency writes the food code? FDA Which government agency inspects meat, poultry and eggs? USDA Permanent life Offers a benefit upon death and builds a cash value Term life Provides insurance for a specific period of time and has no remaining value Universal Life Provides flexibility in insurance protection and savings options Variable Provides protection as well as savings that are invested in equity products The training of food service workers under the HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is under the jurisdiction of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Which of the following styles of contemporary architecture arose around 1900 and primarily consists of the simplification of form and the elimination of ornamentation? Early Modern Which of the following is a professional responsibility of prekindergarten teachers with respect to parent-teacher relations, according to the "Guidelines for Developmentally Appropriate Practices" from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) ? View parents as partners in the educational process Which of the following teacher actions is likely to be most effective in reducing off-task behavior in a preschool classroom? Use Proximity Preoperational period—intuitive phase Speech becomes more social, less egocentric. Intuitive grasp of logical concepts exists in some areas. However, there is still a tendency to focus attention on one aspect of an object while ignoring others. Concepts formed are crude and irreversible. Reality is not firm. Perceptions dominate judgment. Rules of a game are not developed, only uses simple do's and don'ts imposed by authority Which of the following types of plans shows the location of a house on a site and indicates features such as garages, walks, walls, and garden areas? Foundations Which of the following is NOT a dietary antioxidant? Vitamin K The ingredients on a food package label are required by law to be listed by weight Which of the following is most important for a homeowner to consider when calculating the amount of money needed in a housing budget? Mortgage The purpose of including brand names on apparel is to Influence buying habits A sixth-grade class is learning about the importance of including calcium in the daily diet. To assess student knowledge, the teacher assigns students a project. The students are to create a poster promoting the information. Question: The assessment requires students to use which of the following types of intelligence? Visual-spatial intelligence Career Connection is a national program by Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA) that helps students discover their strengths, target their career goals, and The FCCLA Career Connection program helps youth link their options and skills so that they can find success in families, careers, and communities Put the steps in the correct order State the problem to solve Set goals to be accomplished Identify resources available List the alternatives to the problem Make the decision Which of the following set new federal standards for unsafe levels of paint in children's products? Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act Which of the following sleeves with an angular shape under the arm is usually cut in one with the front and back of the garment? kimono Which of the following is most likely the primary reason why the United States apparel industry is at a disadvantage when competing with that of other countries? Labor costs Which of the following actions by the Federal Reserve System will most likely increase consumer spending? Decreasing the discount rate to member banks If the government places a price ceiling on leather garments that is below the equilibrium price, which of the following will occur? There will be a shortage of leather garments Which of the following best describes unit pricing? Unit pricing is the system of indicating the cost of a consumer product in terms of a standard unit of measure Parents want to begin investing $400 dollars every month for their 4-year-old daughter's college education. Which of the following investment vehicles should they choose if the goal is to yield the greatest long-term growth? Common stock Which of the following is the amount of money received if an insurance policy is surrendered before maturity or before death of the insured party? Cash Value Which of the following provides the federal nutrition policy? Dietary Guidelines for Americans A student teacher in a family and consumer sciences class observes a small group of two-year-olds playing in a sandbox. One child drops a shovel and picks up a rake. A second child picks up the shovel to fill a bucket. A third child pours sand through a sifter. These children are engaging in which of the following types of play? Parallel Which of the following are barriers to resolving conflicts and negotiating an agreement? Control issues, Physical reactions and Competitive attitude. Based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development, a preadolescent at the concrete operational stage would most likely be able to solve algebraic equations According to Maslow's theory on the hierarchy of basic human needs, self‑actualization is the stage of development during which the individual does which of the following? C. Achieves self-acceptance and begins to develop his or her full potential The major purpose of credit card laws is to Protect consumers Paying a late fee for a delinquent payment to a credit card company has been a long-standing practice. Recently many credit card companies have added a new section to their agreements. They may increase the interest rate if just one late payment is made to another creditor of any sort. The new term that describes this practice is known as which of the following? D. Universal default clause Bull marked advancing market Which of the following basic consumer rights provides protection for a consumer when a local business refuses to return phone calls and emails regarding a faulty product? right to be heard Which of the following are classified as simple carbohydrates? Fruits The Smith family recently inherited $5,000. They would like to invest this money for their daughter who will be starting college in two years. Which of the following is likely to produce the greatest growth during this two-year period with the most minimal risk to their investment? CD's