LUOA Earth Science Questions and Answers Graded A

LUOA Earth Science Questions and Answers Graded A It is not plagiarism if I reference ALL my sources You and your friend are writing individual papers for two different teachers. You both study the same information and divide the work. Your friend writes an entire section for you and you do the same for your friend. You submit both sections to your teacher. Is this plagiarism? Yes, you copied your friend's work Which one of these is NOT a step in the scientific method? independent variable The ____________________ variable is changed by the experimenter. The ____________________ variable changes as a result of the _________________________ independent, dependent, independent In Circe Graphs, the entire circle represents________. 100% The distance from the Earth to the sun is 92,000,000 miles. Convert that to scientific notation. 9.2 X 10^7 Which of the following are not included in the study of Earth science? meteorology geophysiology astrology astrology As a ship sales south from Washington state towards Mexico, the North Star, Polaris, does not rise as high in the sky. This is because ___________________. Polaris is located directly over the North Pole A ship is located at 66° 33" north (around the North Pole). What important line of latitude are they near? The Arctic Circle The temperature at which all molecules stop moving is called ____________ _____________ absolute zero Soil is part of the lithosphere The most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is _____________________ nitrogen The highest point of a wave is called the ______________. The lowest point of the wave is called the ______________ crest, trough Which waves are NOT a part of the electromagnetic spectrum? Sonar Mercator projections ______________________ distort the poles, distort the land masses The ratio of the size of an area on a map to the actual area on the earth is called its ___________ scale All rocks are made of minerals What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust? oxygen and silicon We all use minerals every day. We brush our teeth with toothpaste containing ____________, an abrasive powder that scrubs our teeth. We take a shower, get out and maybe put __________ powder on us. We turn on the light switch that has wires made of __________ Calcite, talcum, copper All of the following are characteristics of minerals except: random arrangement of atoms specific physical properties solid random arrangement of atoms Copper is generally used for _______________________ electrical wiring Hardness 7 on the Moh's scale of hardness (quartz) _______________________ cannot be scratched by a penny, drill bit, or steel knife easily What has a metallic luster and is 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs hardness scale? galena Fracture ______________________ is a test of cleavage and does not show any cleavage planes Using the Mohs hardness scale, give the hardness of the mineral that can only be scratched by a steel nail. (You may use your Moh's hardness Chart) 6 What type of rocks begin their cooling underground? Pyroclastic rocks The amount of magnesium and iron ____________________________ increases in mafic rocks Rocks that have a Vesicular Texture have a distinct feature of looking like a sponge due to gas bubbles that form. Which rock has this texture? Pumice Andesitic magma has ____________________ intermediate composition and formed at a subduction boundary Horizontal layers of sediment are laid down in a process called _____________________ stratification A(n) ______________ is a rock that is formed by the precipitation of minerals after evaporation. evaporite A ______________ is evidence of something that was once alive and is now in a rock layer. fossil What type of sedimentary rock is composed of seashells? coquina Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed due to _________________________ intense heat and pressure regional metamorphism crystals aligning in bands What rock is formed due to the metamorphism of sandstone? Quartzite Some of the problems of using hydropower include: It uproots people. It decreases the flow of natural fertilizer. It creates a lot of debris and pollution when it is first being constructed. In a cold climate which type of weathering would be most common? ice wedging ___________ has the biggest particles, _________ has more nutrients and it than sand, ___________ has the smallest particles, and __________ is the favorite soil for cultivation. sand, silt, clay, loam Name at least 4 main agents of erosion. Wind, gravity, water, sand, glaciers and ice. (any order) A type of mass movement that leaves behind a crescent shaped mark on the hillside is called a _______________________ slump Sand can't be moved more than ________ feet off the ground. 3 The tide with the highest high tides and the lowest low tides are _______ tides. spring What is it called when the moon is at its FARTHEST point from the earth? Apogee One of the ways man uses to interrupt the longshore current helping with erosion control of the beach is to build a ______________ Jetty The polyp stage of the coral is when ______________________. It forms atolls, barrier reefs, and is attached in reefs. The horizontal movement of the surface currents are caused by the _______________ wind The _______________ is where 2 streams meet. confluence What is the primary source of water for a stream? runoff Sand pebbles ad boulders that are too heavy to be carried along in suspension can be referred to as ____________. bed load A mixture of silt, clay, sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders are at the bottom of a lake. If there was vertical sorting, what would be the 4th layer from the bottom? sand Which factors determine how long it takes for a stream to carve a valley? The type of rock the stream carries, the amount of sediment carried, and climate. What is the difference between a levee and a spillway? A levee has the sides of the river bank built up and a spillway diverts water. What is the most obvious landform of coastal deposition? Beach The surface of the ocean water is lower in areas where there are ___________ and higher in areas where there are ____________. Trenches, seamounts A piece of the headland that is eroded all the way through is a _______. Sea Arch Which substance would have a greater permeability? Materials that are unsorted Materials that are rounded Materials that are poorly sorted Materials that are rounded The water table ________________________________. (choose 2) is where the spaces between particles are filled with water can change seasonally based on different seasons is where the zone of variation is located is where the spaces between particles are filled with water, can change seasonally based on different seasons A type of dripstone formation where the deposits are laid down in the bottom of the cave is called a _______________________________. Stalagmite When a stalactite reaches a stalagmite it is called a ______________________. Pillar A more reliable water source, what type of aquifer has an impenetrable layer above them? Confined (Artesian) Aquifer What could come to the surface and form from cracks and fissures in rocks in mountainous areas? Artesian Springs A valley glacier is also called a(n) ______________________. alpine glacier Glaciers are formed from __________________. snow Explain how a hanging valley forms. A glacier (1) carves its path to a point where it overlaps another glacier (2) digging at a lower point. It "rides" that glacier (2) down its path, leaving a high wall where the first glacier stopped carving. What is an englacial moraine? Rock and debris found inside a glacier Name 3 glacial depositional landforms that are left behind by RETREATING glaciers. eskers, drumlins, moraines How are kettle lakes and the Great Lakes formed? Use at least 3 of the following words; Terminal moraine, medial moraine, kettle lakes, glacier, or esker. Kettle lakes are formed when glaciers leave chunks of themselves behind. These chunks sink into the soil and melt, forming a small lake. Great lakes are formed when terminal moraines make the glacial melt to advance, so it builds up and forms a huge lake. After the flood, according to YEC, __________________. the oceans were very warm causing a lot of evaporation and snowfall According to the OEC, the Ice Age ended ________________ years ago. 11,500 Carbon dioxide is a(n) _______________ gas, which is important in the _________________ of energy in the atmosphere. greenhouse, absorption As you go up higher altitudes, molecules ____________________, the percentage of gas ____________ making it __________________. spread further apart, remains the same, making it hard to breathe What is found in the thermosphere? (Select all that apply) International space station Auroras The boundary between the exosphere and outer space is called? There is no boundary between the exosphere and outer space What is heat? the total kinetic energy of a substance Absolute 0 is the temperature ___________________ at which all atoms and molecules stop moving that equals -273 Celcius that is called Kelvin