Florida Civic Literacy Exam (FCLE) Study Guide

Florida Civic Literacy Exam (FCLE) Study Guide Which United States Supreme Court holding impacted the way that religious practice was approached in public schools? CORRECT ANSWER: Engel v. Vitale (1962) Which of the following correctly pairs a document with a core theme of that document? a) Declaration of Independence - Formed a state-centered government b) Magna Carta - Established the principle of rule of law c) U.S. Constitution - Formed a unitary government d) Articles of Confederation - Established the principle of consent of the governed CORRECT ANSWER: b What is the minimum number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing each state? CORRECT ANSWER: one What is a purpose of civil rights movements? CORRECT ANSWER: to secure equalities What is the social contract? CORRECT ANSWER: The people give up some liberty to receive governmental protection. What is an example of representation? CORRECT ANSWER: The U.S. Congress passes a law. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? CORRECT ANSWER: the residents of a single state Which of the following documents provided a rationale for the Declaration of Independence? CORRECT ANSWER: Common Sense What are two natural rights identified in the Declaration of Independence? CORRECT ANSWER: life and liberty How many U.S. Senators represent each state? CORRECT ANSWER: two What is the length of a U.S. President's elected term? CORRECT ANSWER: four years What is one branch of the U.S. federal government? CORRECT ANSWER: legislative What does the U.S. Constitution do? CORRECT ANSWER: It sets up a federal government. Which phrase from a letter written by Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in 1776 is reflected in the Nineteenth Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: "I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them" Which phrase from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 reflects a freedom in the Bill of Rights? CORRECT ANSWER: "building a wall of separation between Church & State" Which of the following pairs of cases focused on the rights of public school students? CORRECT ANSWER: Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) Who is in charge of the executive branch? CORRECT ANSWER: the President What is due process? CORRECT ANSWER: fair treatment in judicial proceedings Which of the following represents the principle of consent of the governed? CORRECT ANSWER: Individuals elect members of the House of Representatives. What is an example of a power reserved to the states? CORRECT ANSWER: creating school systems Which statement from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: "That excessive bail ought not to be required . . . nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;" According to the authors of the Declaration of Independence, who is responsible for protecting natural rights? CORRECT ANSWER: the government Who signs proposed bills into federal laws? CORRECT ANSWER: the President of the United States How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution currently have? CORRECT ANSWER: 27 What is an example of a democratic process? CORRECT ANSWER: The people elect a Governor. Which phrase from the English Bill of Rights (1689) is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Third Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: "That . . . keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace . . . is against law" Which scenario represents a violation of the Equal Protection Clause? CORRECT ANSWER: A state law establishes a higher minimum wage for men than for women. Which action is an example of petitioning the government? CORRECT ANSWER: lobbying officials What are the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence called? CORRECT ANSWER: the Preamble Which part of government was created to reflect the colonists' position that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed? CORRECT ANSWER: the legislature Which United States Supreme Court decision focused on how states count popular votes for president and vice president? CORRECT ANSWER: Bush v. Gore (2000) Which two steps are required in order for someone to become Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court? CORRECT ANSWER: nomination by the President, confirmation by the Senate Which structure found in the U.S. Constitution was included as a response to a concern expressed in the Declaration of Independence? CORRECT ANSWER: separation of powers Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Equal Protection Clause? CORRECT ANSWER: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Who has the power to veto bills? CORRECT ANSWER: the President Why does Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution require that tax bills be introduced in the House of Representatives? CORRECT ANSWER: because the original English colonists were taxed without their consent Which is a shared power in the federal system? CORRECT ANSWER: collecting taxes Which part of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of religion? CORRECT ANSWER: the Bill of Rights The U.S. Constitution requires that the President be elected by whom? CORRECT ANSWER: the Electoral College Which United States Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review? CORRECT ANSWER: Marbury v. Madison (1803) Which of the following pairs of United States Supreme Court cases resulted in limiting the power for local governments? CORRECT ANSWER: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) In what 1620 document do the writers form a "civil body politic"? CORRECT ANSWER: the Mayflower Compact Which government officials are elected by the people? CORRECT ANSWER: mayors Which phrase in the U.S. Constitution addresses the power to seize property? CORRECT ANSWER: eminent domain What is the purpose of the Seventeenth Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: to promote democratic participation Which document represents the supreme law of the land? CORRECT ANSWER: the U.S. Constitution Which is a core theme of the Federalist Papers? CORRECT ANSWER: The proposed Constitution should be ratified. Which document was adopted by the newly independent United States to organize the national government after declaring independence? CORRECT ANSWER: the Articles of Confederation Which is a core theme of the Anti-Federalist Papers? CORRECT ANSWER: Government should support enumerated individual rights. If both the U.S. President and the U.S. Vice President are unable to serve, who acts as president? CORRECT ANSWER: the Speaker of the House Which right from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: "to petition the king" Who is Commander in Chief of the military? CORRECT ANSWER: the President What is one power of the U.S. Senate? CORRECT ANSWER: ratify international treaties What is popular sovereignty? CORRECT ANSWER: rule by the people What did the Declaration of Independence do? CORRECT ANSWER: declared independence from Great Britain What is the "rule of law"? CORRECT ANSWER: No one is above the law. Which of the following pairs of cases impacted First Amendment rights? CORRECT ANSWER: Texas v. Johnson (1989) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) How did the U.S. Constitution resolve the dispute between slave and free states over representation? CORRECT ANSWER: Three-Fifths Compromise What is the length of a U.S. Representative's elected term? CORRECT ANSWER: two years Which right did the colonists consider "inalienable" in the Declaration of Independence? CORRECT ANSWER: pursuit of happiness Which United States Supreme Court case focused on executive privilege? CORRECT ANSWER: U.S. v. Nixon (1974) Which of the following pairs of cases limited the rights of African Americans? CORRECT ANSWER: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Why did many colonists fight the British during the American Revolution? CORRECT ANSWER: because they opposed taxation without representation What is an example of judicial review? CORRECT ANSWER: the power of the Supreme Court to find laws unconstitutional Which point of view is reflected in Common Sense? CORRECT ANSWER: Representatives should be elected. Which of the following cases impacted interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Which phrase from a letter written by Sarah Grimké in 1837 is reflected in the Fourteenth Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: "I ask no favors for my sex. I surrender not our claim to equality." Which United States Supreme Court case focused on whether an enslaved person, having lived in free territory, should be free? CORRECT ANSWER: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Which United States Supreme Court decision resulted in reduced power for state governments? CORRECT ANSWER: Roe v. Wade (1973) Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Free Exercise Clause? CORRECT ANSWER: West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) What is the purpose of the Selective Service System? CORRECT ANSWER: to draft for compulsory military service Which of the following is a right reserved for U.S. citizens only? CORRECT ANSWER: running for federal office Which of the following represents the goal of the Supremacy Clause? CORRECT ANSWER: States may not pass laws that conflict with federal laws. What is an example of federalism? CORRECT ANSWER: the principle that the national and state governments share power What is the first phrase of the U.S. Constitution? CORRECT ANSWER: "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union" What is one chamber of the U.S. Congress? CORRECT ANSWER: Senate How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact criminal defendants? CORRECT ANSWER: It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination. How did District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) impact states' rights? CORRECT ANSWER: It reduced the ability of states to place restrictions on Second Amendment rights. Which of the following cases reinforced the power of the courts? CORRECT ANSWER: Marbury v. Madison (1803) What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called? CORRECT ANSWER: the Bill of Rights Which of the following was established by a constitutional amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: The President may serve no more than two elected terms. How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) impact criminal defendants? CORRECT ANSWER: It established that defendants had the right to counsel. What is the length of a U.S. Senator's elected term? CORRECT ANSWER: six years Which United States Supreme Court case is correctly paired with the constitutional amendment on which it focused? CORRECT ANSWER: Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) - First Amendment Which of the following cases impacted Fourth Amendment protections at the state level? CORRECT ANSWER: Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Necessary and Proper Clause? CORRECT ANSWER: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Based on the U.S. Constitution, which part of government was intended to hold the least power? CORRECT ANSWER: the judiciary Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the First Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) What is one responsibility of only U.S. citizens? CORRECT ANSWER: serving on a jury Which of the following cases held that reproductive rights were an element of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: Roe v. Wade (1973) The colonists used a political cartoon with the caption "Join or Die" to support which action? CORRECT ANSWER: forming their own government Which United States Supreme Court case held that persons accused of crimes must be advised of their Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights upon their arrest? CORRECT ANSWER: Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Which of the following cases reinforced the federal government's authority to run a federal institution without interference by a state? CORRECT ANSWER: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) What is one qualification to serve as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives? CORRECT ANSWER: be at least 25 years old Which of the following documents provided an outline for a state-centered government? CORRECT ANSWER: Articles of Confederation Which phrase is included in the Declaration of Independence? CORRECT ANSWER: "all men are created equal" What is one right included in the First Amendment? CORRECT ANSWER: free speech Which Supreme Court ruling held that the authors of the U.S. Constitution did not intend for African Americans to be U.S. citizens? CORRECT ANSWER: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? CORRECT ANSWER: checks and balances What is the highest federal court in the United States? CORRECT ANSWER: the Supreme Court