ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST WITH ANSWERS

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST WITH ANSWERS Environmental ethics is described by these terms - CORRECT ANSWER-Ecocentrism, anthropocentrism, and biocentrism Ecological footprint - CORRECT ANSWER-A measurement of the total area of Earth's biologically productive surface that a given person or population "uses" once all direct and indirect impacts are totaled up Environmental science - CORRECT ANSWER-the scientific study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us and how we affect the environment Natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER-Inherited characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than characteristics that do not, thereby altering the genetic makeup of populations through time. artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWERMicroevolution - CORRECT ANSWER-evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period of time Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were the first to propose the concept of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Natural selection Community ecology - CORRECT ANSWER-focuses on patterns of species diversity and on interactions among species, ranging from one-to-one interactions up to complex interrelationships involving the entire community Ecosystem ecology - CORRECT ANSWER-encompass living biotic communities and the abiotic (non-living) materials carrying capacity - CORRECT ANSWER-Limiting factors that determine the maximum population size of a species that a given environment can sustain Madidi National Park is located in what country? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bolivia Keystone species - CORRECT ANSWER- What is the most commonly recognized "best treatment" for dealing with invasive species? - CORRECT ANSWER-prevention is the cure trophic levels - CORRECT ANSWER-as organisms feed on another, matter and energy move through the community from one level to another secondary ecological succession - CORRECT ANSWER-begins after a disturbance dramatically alters an existing community but does not destroy all life and organic matter biodiversity encompasses these 3 main levels: - CORRECT ANSWER-ecosystem, species and genetic diversity Nature Deficit disorder - CORRECT ANSWER-refers to people in general (but mostly children) not spending enough time outdoors and consequently experiencing behavior issues as a result What are the main causes of biodiversity loss? - CORRECT ANSWER-Habitat loss, pollution, over harvesting, invasive species conservation biology - CORRECT ANSWER-the scientific discipline devoted to understanding the factors, forces and processes that influence the loss, protecting and restoration of biological diversity List 2 examples of organisms that are a product of artificial selection: - CORRECT ANSWER-Cattle & Horses How do wolves change rivers? - CORRECT ANSWER-An increase in wolves causes a decrease in deer/elk which causes an increase in vegetation in river banks which makes the river unstable Predation - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when one organisms eats another for energy (lion eating a zebra) mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when both species in the interaction benefit (bees pollinating flowers) Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when an organisms benefits and harms the host organism (mosquitos drawing blood from humans) commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when one species benefits and the other is unaffected or unharmed (barnacles on a whale) Benefits of biodiversity: - CORRECT ANSWER- neoclassical economic theory - CORRECT ANSWER-market prices reflect consumer preference of supply vs. demand; conflict between buyers and sellers leads to production of the "right" quantities of a product How many years does it take to form 1 inch of topsoil? - CORRECT ANSWER-500 years Irrigation - CORRECT ANSWER-the artificial provision of water to support agriculture Soil is considered a: - CORRECT ANSWER-exhaustible renewable resource classical economic theory - CORRECT ANSWER-when people pursue economic selfinterest in a competitive marketplace, when the market is guided by an "invisible hand" A complete analysis of economies show that they: - CORRECT ANSWER-do rely on goods and services from the environment economics - CORRECT ANSWER-studies how people use resources to provide goods and services in the face of demand environmental degradation - CORRECT ANSWER-resources are replaceable; all costs and benefits are internal and not external and all growth is good are some assumptions of neoclassical economics that contribute to this Early US environmental policy reflected a perception that: - CORRECT ANSWER-the vast western lands were in-exhaustibe in natural resources organic agriculture - CORRECT ANSWER-uses no synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, weed killers, etc Our textbook is made with paper from trees grown, managed, harvested and processed using certified sustainable practices and accredited by: - CORRECT ANSWER-forest stewardship council a forest type is defined by - CORRECT ANSWER-its predominant tree species ecosystem services provided by a forest - CORRECT ANSWER-carbon dioxide storage, recreation, deforestation resources how much of planet earth is covered by forests? - CORRECT ANSWER-31% GM organisms - CORRECT ANSWER-combining the DNA of 2 different species in a lab where is most of the forests biodiversity located? - CORRECT ANSWER-on the forest floor What is the name of the father of the green revolution? - CORRECT ANSWER-Norman Borlaug Ocean water travels in __________, vast river like flows that move in the upper 400m of water, horizontally and for great distances - CORRECT ANSWER-currents Porous formations of rock, sand or gravel that hold water are known as: - CORRECT ANSWER-aquifers What percentage of earth's water resources is considered salt water? - CORRECT ANSWER-97.5% consumptive use - CORRECT ANSWER-water that is removed from an aquifer or surface body and is not returned The largest known aquifer in the US is: - CORRECT ANSWER-The Ogallala aquifer Wetland - CORRECT ANSWER-systems in which soil is returned with water and which generally feature shallow standing water with ample vegetation Watershed - CORRECT ANSWER-area of land drained by a river and all its tributaries What percentage of earth's water resources is considered fresh water? - CORRECT ANSWER-2.5% Runoff - CORRECT ANSWER-rainfall, or water that emerges from a spring, or melts from snow and flows over the land surface Xeriscape landscaping - CORRECT ANSWER-replacing exotic plants with native plants adapted to local precipitation patterns to better conserve water Water desalinization - CORRECT ANSWER-removal of salt from seawater for freshwater consumptive use household demand for water can be reduced by: - CORRECT ANSWER-installing lowflow faucets, shower heads, washing machines, and toilets How do coral reefs protect shorelines? - CORRECT ANSWER-they lessen the impact of the tide Most environmental health hazards exist where? - CORRECT ANSWER-indoors human ingestions of a toxic substance is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER-acute exposure 8/10 people without access to clean water live in ______ areas - CORRECT ANSWERrural Toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study area of how poisonous chemicals affect the health of humans and other organisms environmental toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER-specifically studies the impacts of toxic substances on animals and plants to determine whether they indicate human health threats ___________ concentrates contaminants in surface water - CORRECT ANSWERrunoff naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater is what type of environmental hazard? 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