Pathophysiology 370 Final Exam : Pathophysiology 370 Final Exam Study Guide: Questions & Answers: Updated

Pathophysiology 370 Final Exam Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for a. respiratory depression. b. narcotic dependency. c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. d. allergic reaction. (Ans- c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction A patient is admitted to the hospital with left -sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) a. Cough b. Dyspnea c. Bradypnea d. Crackles in lungs e. Peripheral edema (Ans- a. Cough b. Dyspnea d. Crackles in lungs Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? a. Surgery b. Radiation c. Early detection d. Chemotherapeutic agents (Ans- c. Early detection Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically, which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs. A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation? a. Atrophy b. Metaplasia c. Hypertrophy d. Hyperplasia (Ans- c. Hypertrophy A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Urgency b. Hesitancy c. Low back pain d. Weak urine flow e. Incomplete bladder emptying (Ans- b. Hesitancy d. Weak urine flow e. Incomplete bladder emptying What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.) a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints b. Soft -tissue swelling of at least three joints c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint e. Morning stiffness in joints (Ans- a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints b. Soft -tissue swelling of at least three joints c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules e. Morning stiffness in joints Atrial fibrillation is best described as when a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is seen d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration (Ans- b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate - Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate. - Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex. - Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min and a characteristic saw -tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations. - Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration. Cardiac output is the product of both a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP) d. Stroke volume and heart rate (Ans- d. Stroke volume and heart rate Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis? a. It is a localized disease. b. Its prevalence is affected by climate. c. It affects men three times more than women. d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. (Ans- d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called a. Psychiatry b. Physiology c. Homeostasis d. Pathophysiology (Ans- b. Physiology Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? a. It is autosomal -dominant. b. It affects endocrine glands. c. It is common in African Americans. d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. (Ans- d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.) a. B cells b. Platelets c. Monocytes d. Natural killer cells e. Granulocytes (Ans- b. Platelets c. Monocytes e. Granulocytes - Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage - B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid