SKIN CARE PRODUCTS: CHEMISTRY, INGREDIENTS, AND SELECTION CHAPTER 13 Q & A

What is one of the most commonly used groups of preservatives in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries? - correct answerparabens Who provides the current organic labeling standard for cosmetics in the United States? - correct answerthere are no current organic labeling standard for cosmetics When does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require approval of cosmetics? - correct answerthe FDA does not require approval of cosmetics Who is responsible if a client has an allergic reaction to a product that was purchased in bulk, repackaged by the salon in smaller containers, and resold? - correct answersalon What are the products that exfoliate by loosening the bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolving the intercellular matrix? - correct answeralpha hydroxy acids What term does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibit manufacturers from including on product labels? - correct answersunblock b. The term sunblock is prohibited from use by the FDA, whereas the use of the term sunscreen is legally permissible. What is a powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells? - correct answercoenzyme Q10 d. Coenzyme Q10 is a powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells, whereas pH adjusters are not. What is an oil widely used in cosmetics that is extracted from the bean-like seeds of the desert shrub? - correct answerjojoba What are ingredients in cosmetic products that allow the products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form such as a lotion, cream, or gel? - correct answerfunctional ingredients What are lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats? - correct answerfatty acids What is a powerful antioxidant with soothing properties? - correct answergrapeseed extract What are chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, collagen, and improve skin's firmness? - correct answerpeptides What are substances such as vegetable, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color? - correct answercolorants What are ingredients that attract water to the skin's surface? - correct answerhydrators What is the most popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations? - correct answeraloe vera What is lanolin? - correct answeremollient with moisturizing properties What is an antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents? - correct answeralcohol What function do lubricants perform? - correct answercoat the skin and reduce friction What is phytotherapy? - correct answeruse of plant extracts for therapeutic benefits What gives us our sense of smell, which is the strongest of our five senses? - correct answerolfactory system What type of performance ingredients are made from phospholipids, ceramides, and sterols? - correct answerlipids What type of performance ingredients are made from plants and herbs? - correct answerbotanicals What claims are estheticians legally prohibited from making? - correct answerthat product or treatments affect the surface or structure of the skin What are surfactants that cause oil and water to mix and form an emulsion? - correct answeremulsifiers What are carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders? - correct answermucopolysaccharides What are cosmeceuticals? - correct answerproducts intended to improve the skin's health and appearance What is a very strong water binder and an excellent skin softener and humectant that is formed by a decomposition of oils or fats? - correct answerglycerin What type of performance ingredients are made from vitamins A, C, and E; green tea; idebenone; and coenzyme Q10? - correct answerantioxidants What is the term for the physical method of rubbing dead cells off of the skin? - correct answermechanical exfoliation What is the beta hydroxy acid with exfoliating and antiseptic properties, found in such natural sources as sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen? - correct answersalicylic acid What is a powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells? - correct answercoenzyme Q10 Who is responsible if a client has an allergic reaction to a product that was taken directly from the packaging provided by the manufacturer? - correct answermanufacturer What is the natural form of vitamin A? - correct answerretinol What is a drying agent with antibacterial properties commonly used for blemishes and acne? - correct answerbenzyl peroxide What is a natural enzyme used for exfoliation and in enzyme peels? - correct answerpapaya What is a type of surfactant used as cleansers in skin care products? - correct answerdetergent What is a strong alkali used in soaps and creams? - correct answerpotassium hydroxide What is the term for ingredients in cosmetic products that cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin? - correct answerperformance ingredients What is an occlusive agent that restores the barrier layer by holding in water? - correct answerpetroleum jelly What are carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders? - correct answermucopolysaccharides What type of performance ingredients are made from phospholipids, ceramides, and sterols? - correct answerlipids What is the term for peeling or sloughing of the outer layer of the skin? - correct answerexfoliation What is an antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents? - correct answeralcohol What is a natural molecule found in every cell in the body that is a powerful antioxidant and is soluble in water and oil? - correct answeralpha lipoic acid When does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require approval of cosmetics? - correct answerThe FDA does not require approval of cosmetics What are ingredients in cosmetic products that allow the products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form such as a lotion, cream, or gel? - correct answerfunctional ingredients What are ingredients that attract water to the skin's surface? - correct answerhydrators What is a high-tech ingredient that is derived from yeast cells, and that functions as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing ingredient? - correct answertissue respiratory factor (TRF) What are surfactants that cause oil and water to mix and form an emulsion? - correct answeremulsifiers What function do clay masks perform? - correct answerdraw impurities to the surface of the skin as they dry and tighten What are chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, collagen, and improve skin's firmness? - correct answerpeptides What are cosmeceuticals? - correct answerproducts intended to improve the skin's health and appearance What type of performance ingredients are made from plants and herbs? - correct answerbotanicals What is the most popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations? - correct answeraloe vera What function do lubricants perform? - correct answercoat the skin and reduce friction What is a recommended precaution for instances of allergic reactions? - correct answerhaving a cortisone cream available What is the significance of the Cosmetic Act of 1938? - correct answerit distinguishes between drugs and cosmetics What type of performance ingredients are made from licorice, aloe, and chamomile? - correct answerhealing agents What is the therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes? - correct answeraromatherapy What is a chemical added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative? - correct answerchelating agent What are closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific tissues of the skin, and control their release? - correct answerliposomes What are small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base? - correct answer What claims are estheticians legally prohibited from making? - correct answerthat product or treatments affect the surface or structure of the skin What is one possible drawback of natural ingredients? - correct answerthey may cause allergies in people who are sensitive What is the term for an agent that cause exfoliation of skin cells? - correct answerkertolytic What is the family of lipid materials that are a natural part of the intercellular matrix? - correct answer What gives products their scent? - correct answerfragrances What are small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base? - correct answerampoules What are chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic formulations? - correct answerpreservatives What is the family of lipid materials that are a natural part of the intercellular matrix? - correct answerceramides What are insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material? - correct answerlakes What are substances such as vegetable, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color? - correct answercolorants What are gommages? - correct answerexfoliating creams that are rubbed off the skin What are chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules and that release substances onto the skin's surface at a microscopically controlled rate? - correct answerpolymers What are substances, such as glycerin, that hold products together? - correct answerbinders What is an oil widely used in cosmetics that is extracted from the bean-like seeds of the desert shrub? - correct answerjojoba