Testbank Psychology 2nd Edition for OpenStax

Testbank Psychology 2nd Edition for OpenStaxSTUDENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology ................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2: Psychological Research ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 3: Biopsychology ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 4: States of Consciousness ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception ................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 6: Learning .................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 7: Thinking and IntelligenceReview Questions ............................................................................................... 22 Chapter 8: Memory...................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 9: Lifespan Development ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation ................................................................................................................................. 31 Chapter 11: Personality Review Questions ......................................................................................................................... 34 Chapter 12: Social Psychology Review Questions ............................................................................................................ 38 Chapter 13: Industrial-Organizational Psychology ...................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 14: Stress, Lifestyle, and Health .......................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders .................................................................................................................................. 48 Chapter 16: Therapy and Treatment .................................................................................................................................. 52 Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology Review Questions 1. Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would beexposed? Answer 2 | P a g eD. all of the above 3. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) . Answer D. proposed explanation 5. is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs. Answer C. Abraham Maslow 7. The operant conditioning chamber (aka box) is a device used to study the principles ofoperant conditioning. Answer A. Skinner 9. An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) . Answer C. personality 11. A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job wouldmost likely identify as a(n) psychologist. Answer D. I-O 13. The places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application oftherapeutic skills. Answer B. PsyD 15. One would need at least a(n) Answer 3 | P a g e degree to serve as a school psychologist.C. master’s Critical Thinking Questions 17. Why do you think many people might be skeptical about psychology being a science? Answer One goal of psychology is the study of the mind. Science cannot directly study the mind, because it isnot a form of matter or energy. This might create some skepticism about the scientific nature of psychology. 19. In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to? Answer Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mindwho were studying things that were not directly observable. 21. What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram’s research on obedience? Answer Many people have questioned how ethical this particular research was. Although no one was actually harmed in Milgram’s study, many people have questioned how the knowledge that you would be willingto inflict incredible pain and/or death to another person, simply because someone in authority told you to do so, would affect someone’s self-concept and psychological health. Furthermore, the degree to which deception was used in this particular study raises a few eyebrows. 23. Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would continueon to get a graduate degree in psychology? Answer 4 | P a g eThe graduate degree would be a stronger guarantee of working in a psychology- related field and one would have greater control over the specialty of that work. It would allow one to practice in a clinical setting. In general, it would allow someone to work in a more independent or supervisory capacity. Chapter 2: Psychological Research Review Questions 1. Scientific hypotheses are Answer D. testable 3. Scientific knowledge is Answer B. empirical 5. Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over anextended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): Answer B. case study 7. The major limitation of case studies is . Answer . and falsifiable. . 9. Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as Answer D. archival research 5 | P a g e _.11. A(n) is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paperform. Answer D. survey 13. Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that: Answer D. As height increases, typically weight increases. 15. Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam? Answer D. Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams. 17. means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked toparticipate in the study. Answer D. random sampling 19. Researchers must important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined. Answer C. operationalize 21. is to animal research as Answer B. IACUC; IRB 6 | P a g e is to human research.23. A person’s participation in a research project must be . Answer C. voluntary Critical Thinking Questions 25. In this section, there was a discussion about researchers arriving at different conclusions about the use of technology in certain student populations, with one study determining that a smartphone app forsurgery students seemed effective, but another study finding negative impacts on sleep, communication, and time management resulting from the use of technology by undergraduates. How might an educational leader best work through these discrepancies? Answer An educational leader may be able to focus resources and plans on the specific programs until furtherresearch is conducted that provides insight that can be applied more broadly. 27. In this section, conjoined twins, Krista and Tatiana, were described as being potential participants in a case study. In what other circumstances would you think that this particular research approach would be especially helpful and why? Answer