Business Ethics Now 6th Edition

1) How do people arrive at the definition of what's right or wrong? Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective : 01-01 Define ethics. Bloom's : Understand Difficulty : 2 Medium 2) Differentiate between intrinsic and instrumental value. Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective : 01-02 Explain the role of values in ethical decision making. Bloom's : Understand Difficulty : 2 Medium 3) Explain how the four basic categories of ethics representa different feature of ethics. Version 1 3 Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective : 01-02 Explain the role of values in ethical decision making. Bloom's : Understand Difficulty : 2 Medium 4) Give examples of how different religions express the Golden Rule. Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective : 01-02 Explain the role of values in ethical decision making. Bloom's : Understand Difficulty : 2 Medium 5) Name and discuss the three categories of ethical theories. Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Bloom's : Remember Difficulty : 1 Easy Learning Objective : 01-03 Understand opposing ethical theories and their limitations. 6) Discuss at least one weakness of each of the ethical theories. Version 1 4 Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Difficulty : 3 Hard Learning Objective : 01-03 Understand opposing ethical theories and their limitations. Bloom's : Analyze 7) What is implied by the idea of ethical relativism? Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Bloom's : Understand Difficulty : 2 Medium Learning Objective : 01-04 Discuss ethical relativism. 8) Explain Kohlberg's three levels of moral development. Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Bloom's : Understand Difficulty : 2 Medium Learning Objective : 01-05 Explain an ethical dilemma, and apply a process to resolve it. Version 1 5 9) ________ refers to a study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior. Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Bloom's : Remember Difficulty : 1 Easy Learning Objective : 01-01 Define ethics. 10) A ________ refers to a structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs. Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Bloom's : Remember Difficulty : 1 Easy Learning Objective : 01-01 Define ethics. Answer Key Test name: Chapter 01 Test Bank 1) The field of ethics is the study of how one tries to live one's lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior—in both how one thinks and behaves toward others and how one would like them to think and behave toward oneself. For some people it is a conscious choice to follow moral standards or ethical principles, while others look to the behavior of people around them to determine what is an acceptable standard of right and wrong. People arrive at the definition of what's right or wrong as a result of many factors, including how they were raised, their religion, and the traditions and beliefs of their society. 2) Intrinsic value is a value that is a good thing in itself; it is pursued for its own sake, whether anything good comes from the pursuit or not. For example, happiness, health, and self-respect can all be said to have intrinsic value.In contrast, the pursuit of an instrumental value is a good way to reach another value. For example, money is valued for what it can buy rather than for itself. 3) Each of the four basic categories of ethics represents a different feature of ethics. On one level, the study of ethics seeks to understand how people make the choices they make—how they develop their own set of moral standards, how they live their lives on the basis of those standards, and how they judge the behavior of others in relation to those standards. On a second level, this understanding is used to develop a set of ideals or principles by which a group of ethical individuals can combine as a community with a common understanding of how they "ought" to behave. Version 1 47 4) The goal of living an ethical life is expressed by the Golden Rule: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you," or "treat others as you would like to be treated." This simple and very clear rule is shared by many different religions in the world:Buddhism: "Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful."—Udana-Varga 5:18Christianity: "Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them."—Matthew 7:12Hinduism: "This is the sum of duty: do naught unto others which would cause you pain if done to you."—Mahabharata 5:1517 5) Ethical theories can be divided into three categories: virtue ethics, ethics for the greater good, and universal ethics. Virtue ethics refers to living one's life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal. Ethics for the greater good focuses on the outcomes of one's actions rather than focusing on the apparent virtue of actions themselves. Universal ethics refers to actions placed within a strictly moral context. 6) Some weaknesses of the ethical theories are as follows: Virtue ethics can create value conflict. Therefore, conflict can occur if the virtues one hopes to achieve fail to reflect the values of the society in which one lives. Ethics for the greater good emphasizes the idea that the ends justify the means. The weakness of this approach is that no one is accountable for the actions that are taken to achieve the outcome. Universal ethics focuses on abiding by a universal principle; however, no one is accountable for the consequences of the actions taken to abide by these principles. Version 1 48 7) The idea of ethical relativism implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black-and-white rules. It also offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical majority in one's community or society instead of standing by one's individual beliefs as an outsider from the group. In one's current society, when one talks about peer pressure among groups, one is acknowledging that the expectations of this majority can sometimes have negative consequences. 8) Lawrence Kohlberg developed a framework of moral development that presents the argument that one develops a reasoning process over time, moving through three levels of moral development as one is exposed to major influences in one's life.The first level is preconventional. At this lowest level of moral development, a person's response to a perception of right and wrong is initially directly linked to the expectation of punishment or reward.The second level is conventional. At this level, a person continues to become aware of broader influences outside of the family.The third level is postconventional. At this highest level of ethical reasoning, a person makes a clear effort to define principles and moral values that reflect an individual value system rather than simply reflecting the group position. 9) Ethics 10) society