Primavera Biology B Unit 3: Genomics (2023/2024) Already Graded A

Primavera Biology B Unit 3: Genomics (2023/2024) Already Graded A CHECKPOINT 12 Genes located close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together. What is this called? genetic linkage Which of the following genes are linked in pea plants? flower color and pollen-grain shape A Punnett square incorrectly predicts the outcome of a dihybrid cross. There are only two phenotypes in the F2 offspring instead of four. Why? The genes are completely linked. A Punnett square predicts that the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 offspring of a dihybrid cross are 9:3:3:1. What would cause the actual ratio to be different? Select all that apply. genetic linkage partial genetic linkage What is a genetic map? a diagram showing where genes are located along a chromosome How does linkage help to create genetic maps? Select all that apply. Linkage strength is a direct indicator of the distance between genes and markers. Weak linkage between two genes on the same chromosome shows that they are not extremely close to one another. Examine the image showing the locations of three different genes on a chromosome. Which of the following would be expected from breeding experiments involving these genes? Select all that apply. More genetic recombinants would be observed for genes A and C than for genes A and B. Genes A and B show strong linkage, but genes A and C show little to no linkage. Which are uses of genetic maps? Select all that apply. understanding which traits might be inherited together studying the cause of genetic diseases predicting the risk of contracting genetic disorders CHECKPOINT 13 Which procedure would help ensure that a new DNA fragment can be inserted inside a bacterial plasmid when the two are mixed together? The DNA fragment and plasmid are both cut with the same restriction enzyme. Which sentences correctly describe restriction enzymes? Select all that apply. They are naturally found in bacteria. They cut DNA strands at specific locations. A biologist wishes to take a useful gene found in pine trees and introduce it into some bacterial cells. Her experimental procedure is given below. 1. Use a restriction enzyme to cut a gene out of the pine tree DNA. 2. Use a restriction enzyme to cut open a plasmid. 3. Treat the plasmid with DNA ligase. 4. Mix the desired gene and plasmid together. 5. Introduce the plasmid into bacterial cells. Which steps should be switched in the biologist's procedure? 3 and 4 Read the scenario. A biologist inserts a human gene into a plasmid and then inserts the plasmid into some bacterial cells so that the function of the gene can be studied. However, he finds that he cannot identify which bacterial cells contained the new DNA. What should the biologist have done differently? used a plasmid containing the GFP gene A biologist has a mixture of DNA molecules of different sizes, and she needs to determine the exact size of one of them. Which technique should she use? gel electrophoresis A graduate student is running a PCR reaction to study DNA extracted from a lizard specimen from a museum. The reaction does not seem to be working, so he checks his notes to see what he added to the reaction mix. He finds the following list: lizard DNA, DNA polymerase, and DNA nucleotides. What is the error in the setup? He forgot to add primers. A lab technician is using PCR to test a patient's DNA for the presence of a genetic mutation. What exactly will he be looking for? DNA band of a certain size on a gel A scientist is given some frog tissue by a zoo. He is told that the zoo thinks the tissue may be from a rare Chiricahua Leopard Frog. He already has a known sample of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog DNA, as well as DNA primers for it. In what order should the following procedures be done to identify the frog? A. Run PCR on the zoo's sample using the DNA primers. B. Compare the results of the tissue sample and the known sample. C. Run an electrophoresis gel using the zoo's sample and the known sample. A, C, B If a biologist says that she is sequencing a DNA molecule, what is she doing with it? determining the order of nucleotides along the DNA strand How many separate reactions are needed to determine the sequence of DNA using the Sanger method? four Which of the following technologies will make obtaining the entire sequence of your own DNA code quick and affordable? next-generation sequencing CHECKPOINT 14 A genome is most accurately defined as which of the following? all the DNA found in our cells The creation of a genetic test for hereditary forms of breast cancer was a direct result of what? the Human Genome Project What are the benefits of whole genome sequencing? Select all that apply. It empowers patients and doctors. It detects genetic disorders in unborn children. It enables personalized treatment for illnesses. What are some ethical concerns with whole genome sequencing? Select all that apply. It has the potential to impact personal privacy. It can result in discrimination within society. Which is a social concern about whole genome sequencing? It could result in discrimination, preventing some people from getting jobs or loans. Genes are the parts of DNA that code for proteins. How many genes are in a healthy human being? about 20,000 What is junk DNA? parts of the genome that do not code for a protein What function do the DNA sequences found at the ends of chromosomes serve? They protect the genes on a chromosome from being lost during cell division. What is true about repetitive elements? Select all that apply. Repetitive elements are sections of DNA code that are repeated throughout the genome. Repetitive elements have the ability to copy themselves and insert into new locations in chromosomes. CHECKPOINT 15 Match the practice with gene cloning and the cloning of organisms. growing bacterial cultures containing fragments of human DNA: Gene Cloning producing a hormone to use as a drug: Gene Cloning making a copy of a sheep with desirable characteristics: Cloning of Organisms What are some benefits of cloning genes? Select all that apply. producing hormones like insulin introducing new traits into plants and other organisms What are some benefits of cloning organisms? Select all that apply. It can help us save endangered animals. Livestock with increased productivity can be produced. What potential practice sparks debate around cloning? harvesting tissues or organs of human embryos What is a major risk associated with cloning plants and animals for agriculture? Cloned organisms are susceptible to diseases. What is the ability to make changes to an organism's DNA sequence called? gene editing Which of the following are parts of the gene editing process? Select all that apply. DNA is targeted by an RNA or protein. Both strands of the target DNA are cut in half. How can gene editing assist in disease prevention and treatment? Select all that apply. Certain disease-causing genes can be disabled. A new gene can be added to a person's DNA. Gene editing to germline cells and embryos is illegal in many countries. Why? Select all that apply. Embryos are unable to give permission for gene editing. Edits to germline cells will be passed on to future generations.