Legenda
Nagekeken
Vragen over
Informatie over de toets
Inhoudsopgave
Introductory lecture: organization of the course ................................................................................... 3
Selfstudy Epithelia and glands ................................................................................................................ 4
Chapter 4, Epithelial Tissue (pp 71-95) ............................................................................................... 4
Chapter 15, Digestive tract (pp 314-318)............................................................................................ 7
Small Intestine................................................................................................................................. 7
Chapter 16, Organs Associated with the Digestive Tract (pp 329-335) .............................................. 9
Salivary Glands ................................................................................................................................ 9
Pancreas ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Chapter 18, Skin (pp 371-376, and pp 385-388) ............................................................................... 10
Epidermis ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Skin Glands .................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 20, Endocrine tissue (pp 427-434): ..................................................................................... 14
Pancreatic Islets ............................................................................................................................ 14
Thyroid Gland ................................................................................................................................ 15
Parathyroid Glands ....................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 23, the Ear and Eye (pp 508-509) ........................................................................................ 17
Lacrimal Glands ............................................................................................................................. 17
SSA .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Versatest: Epithelial and glands ........................................................................................................ 20
Lecture Epithelia and glands ................................................................................................................. 24
Epithelia ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Glands ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Selfstudy Connective tissue .................................................................................................................. 28
Chapter 5, Connective tissue (pp 96-119)......................................................................................... 28
Chapter 6, Adipose tissue (pp 122-127)............................................................................................ 37
SSA .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Versatest connective tissue .............................................................................................................. 43
Lecture Connective tissue ..................................................................................................................... 44
Selfstudy Cartilage and bone ................................................................................................................ 48
Chapter 7, Cartilage (pp 129-136)..................................................................................................... 48
, Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 48
Hyaline Cartilage ........................................................................................................................... 50
Elastic Cartilage ............................................................................................................................. 51
Fibrocartilage ................................................................................................................................ 52
Chapter 8, Bone (pp 138-159)........................................................................................................... 53
Bone cells ...................................................................................................................................... 55
Bone matrix ................................................................................................................................... 59
Periosteum & endosteum ............................................................................................................. 59
Types of bone ................................................................................................................................ 60
Osteogenesis ................................................................................................................................. 62
Bone remodeling & repair ............................................................................................................ 66
Metabolic role of bone ................................................................................................................. 66
Joints ............................................................................................................................................. 67
SSA .................................................................................................................................................... 68
Versatest Cartilage and bone ............................................................................................................ 72
Lecture Cartilage and bone ................................................................................................................... 77
Selfstudy Nervous tissue ....................................................................................................................... 79
Chapter 9, Nerve Tissue & the Nervous System ............................................................................... 79
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 79
Development of Nervous tissue.................................................................................................... 80
Neurons ......................................................................................................................................... 81
Glial Cells & Neuronal Activity ...................................................................................................... 85
Central Nervous System ................................................................................................................ 89
Peripheral Nervous System ........................................................................................................... 94
Neural Plasticity & Regeneration ................................................................................................ 102
SSA .................................................................................................................................................. 103
Versatest Nervous Tissue ................................................................................................................ 106
Lecture Nervous tissue........................................................................................................................ 114
Selfstudy Muscle ................................................................................................................................. 119
Skeletal muscle ............................................................................................................................... 121
Cardiac Muscle ................................................................................................................................ 131
Smooth Muscle ............................................................................................................................... 132
SSA .................................................................................................................................................. 135
Practical Nervous tissue and muscle........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lecture Muscle .................................................................................................................................... 141
Oral exam ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
,Preparation for exam ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Exam......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introductory lecture: organization of the course
In the selfstudy; make the selfstudy assignments and digital practical plus additional content
(Versatest). Versatest; learn to recognize the tissues. Followed by an in-depth lecture in the
afternoon.
Janqueira basic histology, A.L. Mescher 14, 15 or 16th edition -> first encounter with subject matter.
Understanding the selfstudy assignments and getting the right answers you get by asking the TAs
during the practicals, use the discussion board (monitored by the teacher), ask the teacher
() anytime (using @student.ru.nl).
Every week new handbook on BS (which chapters, paragraphs and pages you need to study are in
here). Complete te selfstudy assignments before the lectures (more in-depth). Singing up for lecture
next week opens at 16:30 Wednesday the week before
All the practicals are on campus (I’m in group A). Contact Lydia Ketelaars (to get a locker with your
own microscope). Drawing assignments during practicals (2 hours), prepare before (guidelines and
handbook). Draw in your labbook (will not be checked)
2 oral exams; lot of content and terminology that you need to learn. In order to force you to catch
up the oral exams (20 min). You will be assigned to a teacher, you’re taken to the practical room and
asked questions about the slides. You will get a grade (O,V,G). A week before oral exam time
schedule is posted.
Practice exam of 60 questions (formative = doesn’t end up in endscore of histology). Submit your
test and you see which questions were wrong, repeat the test as much as you want. On BS around
week of final exam.
Final exam with CIRRUS on campus (computer system, generic practice exam on BS from histology to
get yourself familiar with the program). Check in osiris if you are also registered to the oral exams.
Multiple choice and multiple select.
, Selfstudy Epithelia and glands
Chapter 4, Epithelial Tissue (pp 71-95)
There are 4 types of tissues; Epithelia, connective, nervous and muscle tissue. Cartilage, bone and
blood are also types of connective tissue. Connective tissue contains a lot of extracellular matrix
compared to epithelia. Most organs can be divided in parenchyma (the cells responsible for its
function) and stroma (the cells with a supporting role). Except in the brain and spinal cord the stoma
is always connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue is composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells adhering strongly to another by a
thin layer of extracellular matrix (ECM). This forms cellular sheets lining the body or cavities of
organs.
Functions of epithelia:
1. Covering, lining and protecting surfaces
2. Absorption
3. Secretion
Columnar cells have elongated nuclei, squamous cells have flattened nuclei and cuboidal or
pyramidal cells have spherical nuclei.
Most epithelia is adjacent to connective tissue, containing blood vessels, to receive nutrients.
Connective tissue underlying epithelia = lamina propria. Contact area is papillae. Epithelial cells show
polarity. Region of the cell containing ECM and connective tissue = basal pole, oppsosite end facing a
space = apical pole.
Basement membrane = basal surface of epithelia of a thin extracellular sheet macromolecules make
a semipermeable filter and support the tissue. Nearest to the epithelial cells is electron-dense layer,
consisting of fine fibrils network = basal lamina. Made of type 4 collagen, laminin (glycoprotein) and
nidogen and perlecan (proteins) are secreted by epithelial cells. Reticular lamina beneath (more
diffuse and fibrous), made of type 3 collagen, bound to basal lamina by type 7 collagen, both
excreted by connective tissue cells.
Junctions:
Nagekeken
Vragen over
Informatie over de toets
Inhoudsopgave
Introductory lecture: organization of the course ................................................................................... 3
Selfstudy Epithelia and glands ................................................................................................................ 4
Chapter 4, Epithelial Tissue (pp 71-95) ............................................................................................... 4
Chapter 15, Digestive tract (pp 314-318)............................................................................................ 7
Small Intestine................................................................................................................................. 7
Chapter 16, Organs Associated with the Digestive Tract (pp 329-335) .............................................. 9
Salivary Glands ................................................................................................................................ 9
Pancreas ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Chapter 18, Skin (pp 371-376, and pp 385-388) ............................................................................... 10
Epidermis ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Skin Glands .................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 20, Endocrine tissue (pp 427-434): ..................................................................................... 14
Pancreatic Islets ............................................................................................................................ 14
Thyroid Gland ................................................................................................................................ 15
Parathyroid Glands ....................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 23, the Ear and Eye (pp 508-509) ........................................................................................ 17
Lacrimal Glands ............................................................................................................................. 17
SSA .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Versatest: Epithelial and glands ........................................................................................................ 20
Lecture Epithelia and glands ................................................................................................................. 24
Epithelia ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Glands ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Selfstudy Connective tissue .................................................................................................................. 28
Chapter 5, Connective tissue (pp 96-119)......................................................................................... 28
Chapter 6, Adipose tissue (pp 122-127)............................................................................................ 37
SSA .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Versatest connective tissue .............................................................................................................. 43
Lecture Connective tissue ..................................................................................................................... 44
Selfstudy Cartilage and bone ................................................................................................................ 48
Chapter 7, Cartilage (pp 129-136)..................................................................................................... 48
, Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 48
Hyaline Cartilage ........................................................................................................................... 50
Elastic Cartilage ............................................................................................................................. 51
Fibrocartilage ................................................................................................................................ 52
Chapter 8, Bone (pp 138-159)........................................................................................................... 53
Bone cells ...................................................................................................................................... 55
Bone matrix ................................................................................................................................... 59
Periosteum & endosteum ............................................................................................................. 59
Types of bone ................................................................................................................................ 60
Osteogenesis ................................................................................................................................. 62
Bone remodeling & repair ............................................................................................................ 66
Metabolic role of bone ................................................................................................................. 66
Joints ............................................................................................................................................. 67
SSA .................................................................................................................................................... 68
Versatest Cartilage and bone ............................................................................................................ 72
Lecture Cartilage and bone ................................................................................................................... 77
Selfstudy Nervous tissue ....................................................................................................................... 79
Chapter 9, Nerve Tissue & the Nervous System ............................................................................... 79
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 79
Development of Nervous tissue.................................................................................................... 80
Neurons ......................................................................................................................................... 81
Glial Cells & Neuronal Activity ...................................................................................................... 85
Central Nervous System ................................................................................................................ 89
Peripheral Nervous System ........................................................................................................... 94
Neural Plasticity & Regeneration ................................................................................................ 102
SSA .................................................................................................................................................. 103
Versatest Nervous Tissue ................................................................................................................ 106
Lecture Nervous tissue........................................................................................................................ 114
Selfstudy Muscle ................................................................................................................................. 119
Skeletal muscle ............................................................................................................................... 121
Cardiac Muscle ................................................................................................................................ 131
Smooth Muscle ............................................................................................................................... 132
SSA .................................................................................................................................................. 135
Practical Nervous tissue and muscle........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lecture Muscle .................................................................................................................................... 141
Oral exam ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
,Preparation for exam ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Exam......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introductory lecture: organization of the course
In the selfstudy; make the selfstudy assignments and digital practical plus additional content
(Versatest). Versatest; learn to recognize the tissues. Followed by an in-depth lecture in the
afternoon.
Janqueira basic histology, A.L. Mescher 14, 15 or 16th edition -> first encounter with subject matter.
Understanding the selfstudy assignments and getting the right answers you get by asking the TAs
during the practicals, use the discussion board (monitored by the teacher), ask the teacher
() anytime (using @student.ru.nl).
Every week new handbook on BS (which chapters, paragraphs and pages you need to study are in
here). Complete te selfstudy assignments before the lectures (more in-depth). Singing up for lecture
next week opens at 16:30 Wednesday the week before
All the practicals are on campus (I’m in group A). Contact Lydia Ketelaars (to get a locker with your
own microscope). Drawing assignments during practicals (2 hours), prepare before (guidelines and
handbook). Draw in your labbook (will not be checked)
2 oral exams; lot of content and terminology that you need to learn. In order to force you to catch
up the oral exams (20 min). You will be assigned to a teacher, you’re taken to the practical room and
asked questions about the slides. You will get a grade (O,V,G). A week before oral exam time
schedule is posted.
Practice exam of 60 questions (formative = doesn’t end up in endscore of histology). Submit your
test and you see which questions were wrong, repeat the test as much as you want. On BS around
week of final exam.
Final exam with CIRRUS on campus (computer system, generic practice exam on BS from histology to
get yourself familiar with the program). Check in osiris if you are also registered to the oral exams.
Multiple choice and multiple select.
, Selfstudy Epithelia and glands
Chapter 4, Epithelial Tissue (pp 71-95)
There are 4 types of tissues; Epithelia, connective, nervous and muscle tissue. Cartilage, bone and
blood are also types of connective tissue. Connective tissue contains a lot of extracellular matrix
compared to epithelia. Most organs can be divided in parenchyma (the cells responsible for its
function) and stroma (the cells with a supporting role). Except in the brain and spinal cord the stoma
is always connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue is composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells adhering strongly to another by a
thin layer of extracellular matrix (ECM). This forms cellular sheets lining the body or cavities of
organs.
Functions of epithelia:
1. Covering, lining and protecting surfaces
2. Absorption
3. Secretion
Columnar cells have elongated nuclei, squamous cells have flattened nuclei and cuboidal or
pyramidal cells have spherical nuclei.
Most epithelia is adjacent to connective tissue, containing blood vessels, to receive nutrients.
Connective tissue underlying epithelia = lamina propria. Contact area is papillae. Epithelial cells show
polarity. Region of the cell containing ECM and connective tissue = basal pole, oppsosite end facing a
space = apical pole.
Basement membrane = basal surface of epithelia of a thin extracellular sheet macromolecules make
a semipermeable filter and support the tissue. Nearest to the epithelial cells is electron-dense layer,
consisting of fine fibrils network = basal lamina. Made of type 4 collagen, laminin (glycoprotein) and
nidogen and perlecan (proteins) are secreted by epithelial cells. Reticular lamina beneath (more
diffuse and fibrous), made of type 3 collagen, bound to basal lamina by type 7 collagen, both
excreted by connective tissue cells.
Junctions:
