Introductory Psychology CLEP review

"The focus of psychological science is the attempt to relate overt responses to observable environmental stimuli." This statement is most closely associated with which of the following approaches? - Answer-Behavioral Which of the following types of research design is most appropriate for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables? - Answer-Experimental The science of psychology is typically dated from the establishment of the late nineteenth century Leipzig laboratory of - Answer-Wilhelm Wundt The requirement that prospective participants know the general nature of a study so that they can decide whether to participate is a major part of - Answer-informed consent The statement "Response latency is the number of seconds that elapses between the stimulus and the response" is an example of - Answer-an operational definition As blind children learn to read braille, the amount of sensory cortex devoted to their finger tips increases. Which process is responsible for this allotment of brain activity? - Answer-Plasticity A neuron is said to be polarized when - Answer-it is in a resting state Down syndrome is caused by - Answer-an extra chromosome One common technique used in studying infant perception and cognition involves measuring a decreased response to a stimulus that an infant has been exposed to previously. This research technique is called - Answer-habituation Damage to an individual's parietal lobes is most likely to result in - Answer-reduced sensitivity to touch Hadidjah is a manager conducting an interview with a job applicant. During their conversation her attention is diverted when she hears her name mentioned by two employees talking in the hall outside her office door. Hadidjah's attention being drawn to the employees in the hall can best be explained by - Answer-the cocktail party phenomenon According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, dreams serve which of the following purposes? - Answer-To make sense of random neural activity during sleep The opponent-process theory in vision best explains which of the following? - Answer-Color afterimages The receptors for hearing are the - Answer-hair cells on the basilar membrane The picture above of a road receding in the distance represents the depth perception cue known as - Answer-linear perspective Brain waves during REM sleep generally appear as - Answer-rapid low-amplitude waves Which of the following is a type of sleep pattern that becomes less prevalent as one moves from infancy to adulthood? - Answer-REM According to current psychological research, hypnosis is most useful for which of the following purposes? - Answer-Pain control Checking the coin return every time one passes a vending machine is a type of behavior probably being maintained by which of the following schedules of reinforcement? - Answer-Variable ratio only Making the amount of time a child can spend playing video games contingent on the amount of time the child spends practicing the piano is an illustration of - Answer- operant conditioning Which of the following strategies undermines the effectiveness of punishment? - Answer-Delaying punishment A teacher tells a child to sit down in class. Over the course of several days, the child stands up more and more frequently, only to be told to sit down each time. It is most likely that the teacher's reprimands are serving as - Answer-a reinforcer Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer? - Answer-money Shortly after learning to associate the word "dog" with certain four-legged furry animals, young children will frequently misidentify a cow or a horse as a dog. This phenomenon is best viewed as an example of - Answer-overextension If on the last day of a psychology class a student is asked to remember what was done in class each day during the term, she will likely be able to remember best the activities of the first and last class meetings. This situation is an example of - Answer- the serial position effect Proactive interference describes a process by which - Answer-prior learning interferes with subsequen