FRESENIUS ANNUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED TO PASS

Bleach :100. 60 - All dialysis surfaces(machines, chairs) bleach 1:10. 80 - Large blood spill of blood greater 10 ml Personal protective equipment (PPE) - Full shield or mask, gowns , gloves Hepatitis B - Patients infected dialyze isolation, have own equipment such as BP cuff and stethoscope , torniquete. etc. Blood test indicate infection with Hepatitis B - HbsAg is the test for the hepatitis B antigen this indicates actual viral presence " aggressive " Blood test indicates the presence of immunity against hepatitis B - HbsAb "bore" is the test for antibodies indicates presence of immunity against hepatitis B Factors affect the rate of diffusion - Concentración gradients,temperature, membrane permeability Hand wash with soap - 40-60 seconds Hands be sanitizer - Alcohol 20-30 seconds Kidney anatomy - 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra Kidney some functions - Producción of Renin to help regulate or control blood pressure Erythropoietin hormone - Stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells Three common causes of renal failure - Diabetes nephropaty, or glomerulosclerosis, hipertensión and glomerulonephritid. Uremia - Kidney failure; Waste product build up in blood Uremia symptoms - Yellow gray skin, edema, high BP, itching, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, restless, metals change. Electrolytes in uremia patients - Potassium, calcium, phosphates, magnesium and bicarbonate Symptoms of uremia - Yellow gray skin, peripheral edema, high blood pressure, itching, loss appetite, fatigue, nausea, restlessness Why are renal failure patients aciditic - Kidney control acid/base balances of the blood by excreting hydrogen by produce a buffers know as bicarbonate Dialysate contains... - Sodium, bicarbonate "buffer", pure water Electrolytes found in the dialysate - Na,k,calcium, magnesium and chloride. Glucose" Dextrose" a non electrolyte is also to dialysate for Dr Rx Phosphate binders take with meals - Tums, amphojel, renagel Hemoglobin levels for hemodialysis patients - According to FMS 10-11 g/dL What is diabetes? - Body either doesn't produce or does not properly use insulin End stage renal disease modalities - Vascular access to draw blood from the access to the dialyzer into semipermeable membrane where process of diffusion removes the waste and ultrafiltration removes fluid Peritoneal Dialysis - Permanently catheter, surrounding the abdominals organs allowed to dwell on the cavity Electrolytes to consider in the uremic patients - Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and bicarbonate Blood pH maintain by - Buffer and normal pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45 Metabolic acidosis is - A state of too much acid in blood Dehydration - Thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, poor skin turbot, decreased urine output, cramping Symptoms of hemolysis - Light translucent cranberry or cherry, back pain, chest pain access pain Crenation symptoms - Shortness of breath, thirst, chest, suddenly fall in bp, flushed face and dark opaque blood Embolism symptoms - Chest pain, shortness of breath and coughing Fluid overload - Edema, productive cough shortness breath, increasing BP, retlessness, confusing Fluid removed during hemodialysis - Removed from the intravascular fluid compartment or bloodstream Diffusion - Movement of solutes through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis - Movement of fluid through semi-permeable from area of lesser solute concentration to an greater concentration until equilibrium reach What is a dialysate alarm - Temp, conductivity only Good access flow reading for a fistula is? - 400 What is ultrafiltration - Pressure to remove fluid from the blood using positive and negative pressure Dialysate - Non- sterile solution, function to remove waste products from blood and balance electrolytes DiaSafe filter - Ultra pure dialysate Normal saline is used to rinse and primer the tubing of the extra corporal circuit to remove - Sterilants and air