American Government CLEP Exam with Correct Answers 2023/24

Public Policy -->A law, rule, statute or edict that expresses the governments goals and provides for rewards and punishments to promote these goals attainment Political Ideology -->A cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government Political Culture -->Broadly shared values, beliefs and attitudes about how the government should function American political culture emphasizes the values of liberty, equality, and democracy Judicial Review -->The power of the courts to review and, if necessary, declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional; asserted this power in Marbury v. Madison 1803 Judicial Restraint -->Judicial philosophy whose adherents refuse to go beyond the clear words of the constitution in interpreting the documents meaning Judicial Activism -->Judicial philosophy that posits that the court should go beyond that words of the constitution or a statute to consider the broader societal implications of its decisions Executive Privilege -->The claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president Gender Gap -->A distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men Whip -->A party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the party's legislature strategy holding support for key issues, and counting votes Direct Democracy -->A system of rule that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and policies Dual Federalism -->The system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments Bureaucracy -->The complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel Pocket Veto -->A presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a legislative session Executive Order -->A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation Executive Agreement -->An agreement, made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the senate's "advice and consent" Delegated Powers -->Constitutional powers that are assigned to one governmental agency but that are exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first Seniority -->The ranking given to an individual on the basis of length of continuous service on a committee in congress Popular Sovereignty -->A principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in the hands of the people Checks and Balances -->Mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence the activities of the branches, major examples include, the presidential veto power over congressional legislation, the power of senate to approve presidential appointments, and judicial review of congressional enactments Due Process of Law -->The right of every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments Separation of Powers -->The division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making Representative Democracy -->A system of government in which the populace selects representatives, who play a significant role in governmental decision making Senatorial Courtesy -->The practice whereby the president, before formally nominating a person for federal judgeship, seeks the indication that senators from the candidate's own state support the nomination Logrolling -->A legislative practice whereby agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill; vote trading Redistricting -->The process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives, this happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges in existing districts Redistribution -->A policy where objective is to tax or spend in such a way as to reduce the disparities of wealth between the lowest and the highest income brackets